feat: implemented global tempo (bpm) track

src/components/MainContent.test.tsx

@@ -332,25 +332,19 @@ describe('MainContent', () => {
     expect(screen.queryByText('Chord')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
-  it('keeps the tempo and chord global track add buttons as visual-only controls', () => {
+  it('routes the tempo global track add button through a command and keeps chord visual-only', () => {
     render(<MainContent />);
 
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Show global tracks' }));
 
-    const addButtons = [
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Tempo global track item' }));
-      screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Tempo global track item' }),
+    expect(executeCommandMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Chord global track item' }),
-    ];
 
-    expect(addButtons).toHaveLength(2);
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Chord global track item' }));
-
-    addButtons.forEach(button => {
-      fireEvent.click(button);
-    });
 
     expect(storeState.addTrack).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(storeState.addAudioTrack).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(executeCommandMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(executeCommandMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('routes the signature global track add button through a command', () => {

src/components/MainContent.tsx

@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ import { KGTrack } from '../core/track/KGTrack';
 import { KGRegion } from '../core/region/KGRegion';
 import { KGGlobalRegion } from '../core/region/KGGlobalRegion';
 import { KGKeySignatureRegion } from '../core/region/KGKeySignatureRegion';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../core/region/KGTempoRegion';
 import { KGMidiRegion } from '../core/region/KGMidiRegion';
 import { KGAudioRegion } from '../core/region/KGAudioRegion';
 import { KGMarkerRegion } from '../core/region/KGMarkerRegion';
 import TrackInfoPanel from './track/TrackInfoPanel';
 import TrackGridPanel from './track/TrackGridPanel';
 import GlobalKeySignatureLane from './global-track/GlobalKeySignatureLane';
+import GlobalTempoLane from './global-track/GlobalTempoLane';
 import GlobalMarkerLane from './global-track/GlobalMarkerLane';
 import PianoRoll from './piano-roll/PianoRoll';
 import { TrackCreateDialog } from './common';
@@ -27,19 +29,25 @@ import {
   ChangeLoopSettingsCommand,
   CreateGlobalMarkerRegionCommand,
   CreateKeySignatureRegionCommand,
+  CreateTempoRegionCommand,
   DeleteKeySignatureRegionCommand,
   DeleteMultipleKeySignatureRegionsCommand,
+  DeleteMultipleTempoRegionsCommand,
+  DeleteTempoRegionCommand,
   DeleteMultipleGlobalRegionsCommand,
   DeleteTrackAutomationPointsCommand,
   MoveGlobalRegionCommand,
   ResizeKeySignatureRegionCommand,
+  ResizeTempoRegionCommand,
   ResizeGlobalRegionCommand,
   UpdateKeySignatureRegionCommand,
   UpdateGlobalRegionTextCommand,
+  UpdateTempoRegionCommand,
 } from '../core/commands';
-import { DEFAULT_MARKER_REGION_NAME, getSortedKeySignatureRegions } from '../util/globalTrackUtil';
+import { DEFAULT_MARKER_REGION_NAME, getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats, getSortedKeySignatureRegions, getSortedTempoRegions } from '../util/globalTrackUtil';
 import { FaPlus } from 'react-icons/fa';
 import { FaSquareArrowUpRight } from 'react-icons/fa6';
+import { TIME_CONSTANTS } from '../constants/coreConstants';
 
 interface MainContentProps {
   onTrackClick?: () => void;
@@ -98,6 +106,7 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
     activeTrackAutomationType,
     selectedTrackAutomationPointIds,
     bumpTrackAutomationRedrawVersion,
+    bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion,
     refreshProjectState,
   } = useProjectStore();
 
@@ -119,6 +128,8 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
   const [editingGlobalRegionId, setEditingGlobalRegionId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [editingGlobalRegionText, setEditingGlobalRegionText] = useState('');
   const [editingKeySignatureRegionId, setEditingKeySignatureRegionId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [editingTempoRegionId, setEditingTempoRegionId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [editingTempoText, setEditingTempoText] = useState('');
 
   // Use the region operations hook
   const { deleteSelectedRegions } = useRegionOperations({
@@ -173,6 +184,8 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
   );
   const signatureTrack = globalTracks.find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Signature) ?? null;
   const signatureRegions = signatureTrack ? getSortedKeySignatureRegions(signatureTrack, timeSignature.numerator) : [];
+  const tempoTrack = globalTracks.find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Tempo) ?? null;
+  const tempoRegions = tempoTrack ? getSortedTempoRegions(tempoTrack, timeSignature.numerator) : [];
 
   const findProjectRegionById = useCallback((regionId: string): KGRegion | null => {
     for (const track of tracks) {
@@ -205,14 +218,22 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
 
     try {
       const signatureRegionIds = selectedGlobalRegionIds.filter((regionId) => findProjectRegionById(regionId) instanceof KGKeySignatureRegion);
+      const tempoRegionIds = selectedGlobalRegionIds.filter((regionId) => findProjectRegionById(regionId) instanceof KGTempoRegion);
       const markerRegionIds = selectedGlobalRegionIds.filter((regionId) => findProjectRegionById(regionId) instanceof KGMarkerRegion);
 
-      if (signatureRegionIds.length > 0 && markerRegionIds.length === 0) {
+      if (signatureRegionIds.length > 0 && markerRegionIds.length === 0 && tempoRegionIds.length === 0) {
         KGCore.instance().executeCommand(
           signatureRegionIds.length === 1
             ? new DeleteKeySignatureRegionCommand(signatureRegionIds[0])
             : new DeleteMultipleKeySignatureRegionsCommand(signatureRegionIds)
         );
+      } else if (tempoRegionIds.length > 0 && markerRegionIds.length === 0 && signatureRegionIds.length === 0) {
+        KGCore.instance().executeCommand(
+          tempoRegionIds.length === 1
+            ? new DeleteTempoRegionCommand(tempoRegionIds[0])
+            : new DeleteMultipleTempoRegionsCommand(tempoRegionIds)
+        );
+        bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
       } else if (markerRegionIds.length > 0 && signatureRegionIds.length === 0) {
         KGCore.instance().executeCommand(new DeleteMultipleGlobalRegionsCommand(markerRegionIds));
       } else {
@@ -226,13 +247,17 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
       if (editingKeySignatureRegionId && selectedGlobalRegionIds.includes(editingKeySignatureRegionId)) {
         setEditingKeySignatureRegionId(null);
       }
+      if (editingTempoRegionId && selectedGlobalRegionIds.includes(editingTempoRegionId)) {
+        setEditingTempoRegionId(null);
+        setEditingTempoText('');
+      }
       refreshProjectState();
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Error deleting global marker regions:', error);
       return false;
     }
-  }, [editingGlobalRegionId, editingKeySignatureRegionId, findProjectRegionById, isGlobalRegionId, refreshProjectState, selectedRegionIds]);
+  }, [bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion, editingGlobalRegionId, editingKeySignatureRegionId, editingTempoRegionId, findProjectRegionById, isGlobalRegionId, refreshProjectState, selectedRegionIds]);
 
   // Register the delete function with the global manager
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -430,7 +455,10 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
           // Calculate bar number and length from beats
           const beatsPerBar = timeSignature.numerator;
           const barNumber = (region.getStartFromBeat() / beatsPerBar) + 1;
-          const length = region.getLength() / beatsPerBar;
+          const lengthBeats = region instanceof KGAudioRegion
+            ? getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), region)
+            : region.getLength();
+          const length = lengthBeats / beatsPerBar;
 
           // Create a RegionUI object
           updatedRegions.push({
@@ -447,7 +475,7 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
 
     // Update the regions state
     setRegions(updatedRegions);
-  }, [tracks, timeSignature]);
+  }, [globalTracks, tracks, timeSignature]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!showPianoRoll || !activeRegionId) {
@@ -914,6 +942,16 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
     setEditingKeySignatureRegionId(regionId);
   }, [findProjectRegionById]);
 
+  const beginEditingTempoRegion = useCallback((regionId: string) => {
+    const region = findProjectRegionById(regionId);
+    if (!(region instanceof KGTempoRegion)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setEditingTempoRegionId(regionId);
+    setEditingTempoText(region.getBpm().toString());
+  }, [findProjectRegionById]);
+
   const commitGlobalRegionEdit = useCallback((regionId: string) => {
     const region = findProjectRegionById(regionId);
     if (!(region instanceof KGMarkerRegion)) {
@@ -1044,6 +1082,84 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
     }
   }, [refreshProjectState]);
 
+  const commitTempoRegionEdit = useCallback((regionId: string) => {
+    const region = findProjectRegionById(regionId);
+    if (!(region instanceof KGTempoRegion)) {
+      setEditingTempoRegionId(null);
+      setEditingTempoText('');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const trimmed = editingTempoText.trim();
+    setEditingTempoRegionId(null);
+    setEditingTempoText('');
+
+    if (!trimmed) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const nextBpm = parseInt(trimmed, 10);
+    if (Number.isNaN(nextBpm)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (nextBpm <= TIME_CONSTANTS.MIN_BPM || nextBpm >= TIME_CONSTANTS.MAX_BPM || nextBpm === region.getBpm()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      KGCore.instance().executeCommand(new UpdateTempoRegionCommand(regionId, nextBpm));
+      bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+      refreshProjectState();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error updating tempo region:', error);
+    }
+  }, [bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion, editingTempoText, findProjectRegionById, refreshProjectState]);
+
+  const createTempoAtBar = useCallback((requestedStartBar: number) => {
+    const normalizedStartBar = Math.max(0, Math.min(requestedStartBar, maxBars - 1));
+    const existingRegionAtStart = tempoRegions.find(region => region.getStartBar() === normalizedStartBar);
+    if (existingRegionAtStart) {
+      selectGlobalRegion(existingRegionAtStart.getId(), { shiftKey: false });
+      beginEditingTempoRegion(existingRegionAtStart.getId());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const command = new CreateTempoRegionCommand(normalizedStartBar);
+      KGCore.instance().executeCommand(command);
+      bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+      refreshProjectState();
+
+      const createdRegion = command.getCreatedRegion();
+      if (!createdRegion) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      selectGlobalRegion(createdRegion.getId(), { shiftKey: false });
+      setEditingTempoRegionId(createdRegion.getId());
+      setEditingTempoText(createdRegion.getBpm().toString());
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error creating tempo region:', error);
+    }
+  }, [beginEditingTempoRegion, bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion, maxBars, refreshProjectState, selectGlobalRegion, tempoRegions]);
+
+  const createTempoAtPlayheadBar = useCallback(() => {
+    const beatsPerBar = timeSignature.numerator;
+    const startBar = Math.floor(playheadPosition / beatsPerBar);
+    createTempoAtBar(startBar);
+  }, [createTempoAtBar, playheadPosition, timeSignature.numerator]);
+
+  const resizeTempoRegion = useCallback((regionId: string, edge: 'start' | 'end', bar: number) => {
+    try {
+      KGCore.instance().executeCommand(new ResizeTempoRegionCommand(regionId, edge, Math.round(bar)));
+      bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+      refreshProjectState();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error resizing tempo region:', error);
+    }
+  }, [bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion, refreshProjectState]);
+
   /**
    * Add keyboard event listener for region deletion
    * Handles Backspace (Windows) and Delete (Mac) keys to delete selected regions
@@ -1397,6 +1513,11 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
                           return;
                         }
 
+                        if (track.id === 'tempo') {
+                          createTempoAtPlayheadBar();
+                          return;
+                        }
+
                         if (track.id === 'signature') {
                           createKeySignatureAtPlayheadBar();
                         }
@@ -1433,6 +1554,26 @@ const MainContent: React.FC<MainContentProps> = ({
                       onMoveRegion={moveGlobalMarkerRegion}
                       onResizeRegion={resizeGlobalMarkerRegion}
                     />
+                  ) : track.id === 'tempo' ? (
+                    <GlobalTempoLane
+                      key={track.id}
+                      tempoRegions={tempoRegions}
+                      maxBars={maxBars}
+                      barWidthMultiplier={barWidthMultiplier}
+                      selectedRegionIds={selectedRegionIds}
+                      editingRegionId={editingTempoRegionId}
+                      editingText={editingTempoText}
+                      onEditingTextChange={setEditingTempoText}
+                      onCommitEdit={commitTempoRegionEdit}
+                      onCancelEdit={() => {
+                        setEditingTempoRegionId(null);
+                        setEditingTempoText('');
+                      }}
+                      onBeginEdit={beginEditingTempoRegion}
+                      onSelectRegion={selectGlobalRegion}
+                      onCreateAtBar={createTempoAtBar}
+                      onResizeRegion={resizeTempoRegion}
+                    />
                   ) : track.id === 'signature' ? (
                     <GlobalKeySignatureLane
                       key={track.id}

src/components/Toolbar.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { KGProject, type KeySignature } from '../core/KGProject';
 import { GlobalTrackType } from '../core/global-track';
 import { KGMidiInput } from '../core/midi-input/KGMidiInput';
 import { KGKeySignatureRegion } from '../core/region/KGKeySignatureRegion';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../core/region/KGTempoRegion';
 import { KGMidiRegion } from '../core/region/KGMidiRegion';
 import { KGAudioTrack } from '../core/track/KGAudioTrack';
 import { plainToInstance } from 'class-transformer';
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ import PianoIcon from './common/icons/PianoIcon';
 import MetronomeIcon from './common/icons/MetronomeIcon';
 import { mergeSelectedMidiRegions, splitSelectedRegionAtPlayhead } from '../util/regionEditUtil';
 import { showAlert, showChoice, showConfirm, showPrompt, showTimeSigPrompt } from '../util/dialogUtil';
-import { UpdateKeySignatureRegionCommand } from '../core/commands';
+import { UpdateKeySignatureRegionCommand, UpdateTempoRegionCommand } from '../core/commands';
 
 const Toolbar: React.FC = () => {
   const {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ const Toolbar: React.FC = () => {
     selectedRegionIds, selectedTrackId,
     // Playhead and refresh
     playheadPosition, refreshProjectState,
-    requestMainContentScroll, requestPianoRollScroll
+    requestMainContentScroll, requestPianoRollScroll, bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion
   } = useProjectStore();
 
   // State for main content tools
@@ -74,10 +75,18 @@ const Toolbar: React.FC = () => {
   const signatureRegions = (signatureTrack?.getRegions() ?? [])
     .filter((region): region is KGKeySignatureRegion => region instanceof KGKeySignatureRegion)
     .sort((left, right) => left.getStartBar() - right.getStartBar());
+  const tempoTrack = globalTracks.find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Tempo) ?? null;
+  const tempoRegions = (tempoTrack?.getRegions() ?? [])
+    .filter((region): region is KGTempoRegion => region instanceof KGTempoRegion)
+    .sort((left, right) => left.getStartBar() - right.getStartBar());
   const playheadBar = Math.floor(playheadPosition / timeSignature.numerator);
   const activeKeySignatureRegion = signatureRegions.find(
     region => playheadBar >= region.getStartBar() && playheadBar < region.getEndBar()
   ) ?? null;
+  const activeTempoRegion = tempoRegions.find(
+    region => playheadBar >= region.getStartBar() && playheadBar < region.getEndBar()
+  ) ?? null;
+  const displayedBpm = activeTempoRegion?.getBpm() ?? bpm;
   const displayedKeySignature = activeKeySignatureRegion?.getKeySignature() ?? keySignature;
 
   // State for export dropdown
@@ -650,7 +659,7 @@ const Toolbar: React.FC = () => {
       console.log("BPM clicked, current BPM:", bpm);
     }
 
-    const newBpmStr = await showPrompt(`Enter new BPM (${TIME_CONSTANTS.MIN_BPM}-${TIME_CONSTANTS.MAX_BPM}):`, bpm.toString());
+    const newBpmStr = await showPrompt(`Enter new BPM (${TIME_CONSTANTS.MIN_BPM}-${TIME_CONSTANTS.MAX_BPM}):`, displayedBpm.toString());
 
     // Check if user cancelled
     if (newBpmStr === null) {
@@ -673,11 +682,17 @@ const Toolbar: React.FC = () => {
     }
 
     // Update BPM
-    setBpm(newBpm);
+    if (activeTempoRegion) {
+      KGCore.instance().executeCommand(new UpdateTempoRegionCommand(activeTempoRegion.getId(), newBpm));
+      bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+      refreshProjectState();
+    } else {
+      setBpm(newBpm);
+    }
     setStatus(`BPM changed to ${newBpm}`);
 
     if (DEBUG_MODE.TOOLBAR) {
-      console.log(`BPM updated from ${bpm} to ${newBpm}`);
+      console.log(`BPM updated from ${displayedBpm} to ${newBpm}`);
     }
   };
 
@@ -1168,7 +1183,7 @@ const Toolbar: React.FC = () => {
               <span className='current-time' onClick={handleCurrentTimeClick} style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>{currentTime}</span>
             </div>
             <div className="transport-item">
-              <span className='current-bpm' onClick={handleBpmClick} style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>{bpm}</span>
+              <span className='current-bpm' onClick={handleBpmClick} style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>{displayedBpm}</span>
             </div>
             <div className="transport-item">
               <span className='current-time-signature' onClick={handleTimeSignatureClick} style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>{timeSignature.numerator + "/" + timeSignature.denominator}</span>

src/components/global-track/GlobalTempoLane.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import React from 'react';
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import GlobalTempoLane from './GlobalTempoLane';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../core/region/KGTempoRegion';
+
+describe('GlobalTempoLane', () => {
+  const baseRegion = new KGTempoRegion('tempo-1', 'global-tempo', 1, 128, 0, 4, 4);
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--track-grid-bar-width', '40');
+  });
+
+  it('opens inline editing for an existing region', () => {
+    const onBeginEdit = vi.fn();
+
+    render(
+      <GlobalTempoLane
+        tempoRegions={[baseRegion]}
+        maxBars={8}
+        barWidthMultiplier={1}
+        selectedRegionIds={[]}
+        editingRegionId={null}
+        editingText=""
+        onEditingTextChange={vi.fn()}
+        onCommitEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onCancelEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onBeginEdit={onBeginEdit}
+        onSelectRegion={vi.fn()}
+        onCreateAtBar={vi.fn()}
+        onResizeRegion={vi.fn()}
+      />
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.doubleClick(screen.getByText('128 BPM'));
+    expect(onBeginEdit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('tempo-1');
+  });
+
+  it('creates a new region at a bar-aligned position on empty-lane double click', () => {
+    const onCreateAtBar = vi.fn();
+
+    const { container } = render(
+      <GlobalTempoLane
+        tempoRegions={[baseRegion]}
+        maxBars={8}
+        barWidthMultiplier={1}
+        selectedRegionIds={[]}
+        editingRegionId={null}
+        editingText=""
+        onEditingTextChange={vi.fn()}
+        onCommitEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onCancelEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onBeginEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onSelectRegion={vi.fn()}
+        onCreateAtBar={onCreateAtBar}
+        onResizeRegion={vi.fn()}
+      />
+    );
+
+    const lane = container.querySelector('.global-tempo-lane') as HTMLDivElement;
+    vi.spyOn(lane, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue({
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+      left: 0,
+      top: 0,
+      right: 320,
+      bottom: 24,
+      width: 320,
+      height: 24,
+      toJSON: () => ({}),
+    });
+
+    fireEvent.doubleClick(lane, { clientX: 159, clientY: 10 });
+    expect(onCreateAtBar).toHaveBeenCalledWith(3);
+  });
+
+  it('strips non-digit characters during inline editing', () => {
+    const onEditingTextChange = vi.fn();
+
+    render(
+      <GlobalTempoLane
+        tempoRegions={[baseRegion]}
+        maxBars={8}
+        barWidthMultiplier={1}
+        selectedRegionIds={[]}
+        editingRegionId="tempo-1"
+        editingText="128"
+        onEditingTextChange={onEditingTextChange}
+        onCommitEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onCancelEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onBeginEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onSelectRegion={vi.fn()}
+        onCreateAtBar={vi.fn()}
+        onResizeRegion={vi.fn()}
+      />
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByDisplayValue('128'), { target: { value: '12a8!' } });
+    expect(onEditingTextChange).toHaveBeenCalledWith('128');
+  });
+});

src/components/global-track/GlobalTempoLane.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../core/region/KGTempoRegion';
+import type { RegionClickOptions } from '../interfaces';
+import { isModifierKeyPressed } from '../../util/osUtil';
+import { TIME_CONSTANTS, TOOLBAR_CONSTANTS } from '../../constants';
+
+interface GlobalTempoLaneProps {
+  tempoRegions: KGTempoRegion[];
+  maxBars: number;
+  barWidthMultiplier: number;
+  selectedRegionIds: string[];
+  editingRegionId: string | null;
+  editingText: string;
+  onEditingTextChange: (value: string) => void;
+  onCommitEdit: (regionId: string) => void;
+  onCancelEdit: () => void;
+  onBeginEdit: (regionId: string) => void;
+  onSelectRegion: (regionId: string, options?: RegionClickOptions) => void;
+  onCreateAtBar: (startBar: number) => void;
+  onResizeRegion: (regionId: string, edge: 'start' | 'end', bar: number) => void;
+}
+
+type ResizeEdge = 'start' | 'end' | null;
+
+const REGION_EDGE_HITBOX_PX = 8;
+const DRAG_THRESHOLD_PX = 4;
+
+const GlobalTempoLane: React.FC<GlobalTempoLaneProps> = ({
+  tempoRegions,
+  maxBars,
+  barWidthMultiplier,
+  selectedRegionIds,
+  editingRegionId,
+  editingText,
+  onEditingTextChange,
+  onCommitEdit,
+  onCancelEdit,
+  onBeginEdit,
+  onSelectRegion,
+  onCreateAtBar,
+  onResizeRegion,
+}) => {
+  const laneRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const [previewBars, setPreviewBars] = useState<Record<string, { startBar: number; lengthBars: number }>>({});
+  const [hoverEdges, setHoverEdges] = useState<Record<string, ResizeEdge>>({});
+  const [isModifierPressed, setIsModifierPressed] = useState(false);
+  const interactionRef = useRef<{
+    mode: 'resize' | null;
+    regionId: string;
+    resizeEdge: ResizeEdge;
+    initialMouseX: number;
+    moved: boolean;
+  } | null>(null);
+
+  const barWidth = useMemo(
+    () => TOOLBAR_CONSTANTS.BASE_BAR_WIDTH * barWidthMultiplier,
+    [barWidthMultiplier]
+  );
+
+  const regionOrder = useMemo(
+    () => tempoRegions.map(region => region.getId()),
+    [tempoRegions]
+  );
+
+  const getRegionIndex = (regionId: string) => regionOrder.findIndex(candidateId => candidateId === regionId);
+  const canResizeEdge = (regionId: string, edge: 'start' | 'end') => {
+    const regionIndex = getRegionIndex(regionId);
+    if (regionIndex === -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (edge === 'start') {
+      return regionIndex > 0;
+    }
+
+    return regionIndex < tempoRegions.length - 1;
+  };
+
+  const getRenderedBarState = (region: KGTempoRegion) => (
+    previewBars[region.getId()] ?? {
+      startBar: region.getStartBar(),
+      lengthBars: region.getLengthBars(),
+    }
+  );
+
+  const getResizeEdgeFromMouseEvent = (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement, MouseEvent>): ResizeEdge => {
+    const rect = event.currentTarget.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const offsetX = event.clientX - rect.left;
+
+    if (offsetX <= REGION_EDGE_HITBOX_PX) {
+      return 'start';
+    }
+
+    if (rect.width - offsetX <= REGION_EDGE_HITBOX_PX) {
+      return 'end';
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  };
+
+  const getBarFromClientX = (clientX: number) => {
+    if (!laneRef.current) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    const rect = laneRef.current.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const relativeX = clientX - rect.left;
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(maxBars, Math.round(relativeX / barWidth)));
+  };
+
+  const getCreateBarFromClientX = (clientX: number) => {
+    if (!laneRef.current) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    const rect = laneRef.current.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const relativeX = clientX - rect.left;
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(maxBars - 1, Math.floor(relativeX / barWidth)));
+  };
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handleKeyDown = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
+      if (isModifierKeyPressed(event)) {
+        setIsModifierPressed(true);
+      }
+
+      if (event.key === 'Escape') {
+        onCancelEdit();
+      }
+    };
+
+    const handleKeyUp = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
+      if (!isModifierKeyPressed(event)) {
+        setIsModifierPressed(false);
+      }
+    };
+
+    window.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+    window.addEventListener('keyup', handleKeyUp);
+
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
+      window.removeEventListener('keyup', handleKeyUp);
+    };
+  }, [onCancelEdit]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handleMouseMove = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+      if (!interactionRef.current) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const interaction = interactionRef.current;
+      const deltaX = event.clientX - interaction.initialMouseX;
+      if (Math.abs(deltaX) >= DRAG_THRESHOLD_PX) {
+        interaction.moved = true;
+      }
+
+      if (interaction.mode !== 'resize' || !interaction.resizeEdge) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const targetRegion = tempoRegions.find(region => region.getId() === interaction.regionId);
+      if (!targetRegion) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const targetIndex = getRegionIndex(interaction.regionId);
+      const desiredBoundaryBar = getBarFromClientX(event.clientX);
+
+      if (interaction.resizeEdge === 'start' && targetIndex > 0) {
+        const previousRegion = tempoRegions[targetIndex - 1];
+        const targetEndBar = targetRegion.getEndBar();
+        const clampedBoundaryBar = Math.max(
+          previousRegion.getStartBar() + 1,
+          Math.min(desiredBoundaryBar, targetEndBar - 1)
+        );
+
+        setPreviewBars({
+          [previousRegion.getId()]: {
+            startBar: previousRegion.getStartBar(),
+            lengthBars: clampedBoundaryBar - previousRegion.getStartBar(),
+          },
+          [targetRegion.getId()]: {
+            startBar: clampedBoundaryBar,
+            lengthBars: targetEndBar - clampedBoundaryBar,
+          },
+        });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (interaction.resizeEdge === 'end' && targetIndex < tempoRegions.length - 1) {
+        const nextRegion = tempoRegions[targetIndex + 1];
+        const nextEndBar = nextRegion.getEndBar();
+        const clampedBoundaryBar = Math.max(
+          targetRegion.getStartBar() + 1,
+          Math.min(desiredBoundaryBar, nextEndBar - 1)
+        );
+
+        setPreviewBars({
+          [targetRegion.getId()]: {
+            startBar: targetRegion.getStartBar(),
+            lengthBars: clampedBoundaryBar - targetRegion.getStartBar(),
+          },
+          [nextRegion.getId()]: {
+            startBar: clampedBoundaryBar,
+            lengthBars: nextEndBar - clampedBoundaryBar,
+          },
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    const handleMouseUp = (event: MouseEvent) => {
+      if (!interactionRef.current) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const interaction = interactionRef.current;
+      interactionRef.current = null;
+      const resizeEdge = interaction.resizeEdge;
+      const shouldResize = interaction.moved && resizeEdge !== null;
+      setPreviewBars({});
+
+      if (!shouldResize) {
+        onSelectRegion(interaction.regionId, { shiftKey: event.shiftKey });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      onResizeRegion(interaction.regionId, resizeEdge, getBarFromClientX(event.clientX));
+    };
+
+    window.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+    window.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+      window.removeEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
+    };
+  }, [getBarFromClientX, onResizeRegion, onSelectRegion, tempoRegions]);
+
+  const handleLaneMouseDown = (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    if (event.button !== 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!(event.target instanceof HTMLElement) || event.target.closest('.global-tempo-region')) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!isModifierKeyPressed(event)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    onCreateAtBar(getCreateBarFromClientX(event.clientX));
+  };
+
+  const handleLaneDoubleClick = (event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+    if (!(event.target instanceof HTMLElement) || event.target.closest('.global-tempo-region')) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    onCreateAtBar(getCreateBarFromClientX(event.clientX));
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      ref={laneRef}
+      className={`global-marker-lane global-tempo-lane${isModifierPressed ? ' pencil-cursor' : ''}`}
+      onMouseDown={handleLaneMouseDown}
+      onDoubleClick={handleLaneDoubleClick}
+    >
+      {tempoRegions.map(region => {
+        const rendered = getRenderedBarState(region);
+        const isSelected = selectedRegionIds.includes(region.getId());
+        const isEditing = editingRegionId === region.getId();
+        const left = rendered.startBar * barWidth;
+        const clampedEndBar = Math.max(rendered.startBar, Math.min(rendered.startBar + rendered.lengthBars, maxBars));
+        const widthBars = Math.max(0, clampedEndBar - rendered.startBar);
+        const width = Math.max(barWidth, widthBars * barWidth);
+
+        if (rendered.startBar >= maxBars || widthBars <= 0) {
+          return null;
+        }
+
+        return (
+          <div
+            key={region.getId()}
+            className={`global-marker-region global-tempo-region${isSelected ? ' selected' : ''}`}
+            style={{
+              left: `${left}px`,
+              width: `${width}px`,
+              cursor: isEditing ? 'text' : hoverEdges[region.getId()] ? 'col-resize' : 'pointer',
+            }}
+            onMouseEnter={() => setHoverEdges(prev => ({ ...prev, [region.getId()]: null }))}
+            onMouseMove={(event) => {
+              if (isEditing) {
+                return;
+              }
+
+              const nextEdge = getResizeEdgeFromMouseEvent(event);
+              const normalizedEdge = nextEdge && canResizeEdge(region.getId(), nextEdge) ? nextEdge : null;
+              setHoverEdges(prev => ({ ...prev, [region.getId()]: normalizedEdge }));
+            }}
+            onMouseLeave={() => setHoverEdges(prev => ({ ...prev, [region.getId()]: null }))}
+            onMouseDown={(event) => {
+              if (event.button !== 0 || isEditing) {
+                return;
+              }
+
+              const nextEdge = getResizeEdgeFromMouseEvent(event);
+              const normalizedEdge = nextEdge && canResizeEdge(region.getId(), nextEdge) ? nextEdge : null;
+              if (!normalizedEdge) {
+                return;
+              }
+
+              event.preventDefault();
+              event.stopPropagation();
+              interactionRef.current = {
+                mode: 'resize',
+                regionId: region.getId(),
+                resizeEdge: normalizedEdge,
+                initialMouseX: event.clientX,
+                moved: false,
+              };
+            }}
+            onClick={(event) => {
+              event.stopPropagation();
+              onSelectRegion(region.getId(), { shiftKey: event.shiftKey });
+            }}
+            onDoubleClick={(event) => {
+              event.preventDefault();
+              event.stopPropagation();
+              onSelectRegion(region.getId(), { shiftKey: false });
+              onBeginEdit(region.getId());
+            }}
+          >
+            {isEditing ? (
+              <input
+                className="global-marker-input"
+                value={editingText}
+                inputMode="numeric"
+                pattern="[0-9]*"
+                onChange={(event) => {
+                  const digitsOnly = event.target.value.replace(/\D+/g, '');
+                  onEditingTextChange(digitsOnly);
+                }}
+                onBlur={() => onCommitEdit(region.getId())}
+                onMouseDown={(event) => {
+                  event.stopPropagation();
+                }}
+                onKeyDown={(event) => {
+                  if (event.key === 'Enter') {
+                    event.preventDefault();
+                    onCommitEdit(region.getId());
+                  } else if (event.key === 'Escape') {
+                    event.preventDefault();
+                    onCancelEdit();
+                  }
+                }}
+                autoFocus
+              />
+            ) : (
+              <span className="global-marker-label">{region.getDisplayName()}</span>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        );
+      })}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default GlobalTempoLane;

src/components/track/RegionItem.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import { useProjectStore } from '../../stores/projectStore';
 import { KGMainContentState } from '../../core/state/KGMainContentState';
 import type { AudioRecordingPeak } from '../../core/audio-interface/KGAudioRecorder';
 import type { RegionPreviewContentStyle } from '../interfaces';
+import { KGCore } from '../../core/KGCore';
+import { beatRangeToSeconds } from '../../util/globalTrackUtil';
 
 const DRAG_START_THRESHOLD_PX = 4;
 
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ interface RegionItemProps {
   isPreview?: boolean;
   isAudioRegion?: boolean;
   previewContentStyle?: RegionPreviewContentStyle;
+  redrawVersion?: number;
 }
 
 const RegionItem: React.FC<RegionItemProps> = ({
@@ -76,6 +79,7 @@ const RegionItem: React.FC<RegionItemProps> = ({
   isPreview = false,
   isAudioRegion = false,
   previewContentStyle,
+  redrawVersion = 0,
 }) => {
   // Get selection state and time signature from store
   const { selectedRegionIds, timeSignature, bpm } = useProjectStore();
@@ -273,10 +277,18 @@ const RegionItem: React.FC<RegionItemProps> = ({
     const clipStartOffsetSeconds = audioRegion ? audioRegion.getClipStartOffsetSeconds() : 0;
     const clipStartSample = Math.floor(clipStartOffsetSeconds * sampleRate);
 
-    // Calculate visible duration from region length in beats
+    const currentProject = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
-    const secondsPerBeat = 60 / bpm;
     const regionLengthBeats = audioRegion ? audioRegion.getLength() : 0;
-    const visibleDurationSeconds = regionLengthBeats * secondsPerBeat;
+    const visibleDurationSeconds = audioRegion
+      ? Math.min(
+          beatRangeToSeconds(
+            currentProject,
+            audioRegion.getStartFromBeat(),
+            audioRegion.getStartFromBeat() + regionLengthBeats
+          ),
+          Math.max(0, audioRegion.getAudioDurationSeconds() - clipStartOffsetSeconds)
+        )
+      : 0;
     const visibleSamples = Math.floor(visibleDurationSeconds * sampleRate);
 
     // Clamp to buffer boundaries
@@ -383,7 +395,7 @@ const RegionItem: React.FC<RegionItemProps> = ({
     } else {
       renderNotesOnCanvas();
     }
-  }, [midiRegion, audioRegion, audioBuffer, previewWaveformPeaks, timeSignature, bpm, id, noteUpdateTrigger, barNumber, length, previewContentStyle?.width]);
+  }, [midiRegion, audioRegion, audioBuffer, previewWaveformPeaks, timeSignature, bpm, id, noteUpdateTrigger, barNumber, length, previewContentStyle?.width, redrawVersion]);
 
   // Re-render canvas when region content size changes
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -406,7 +418,7 @@ const RegionItem: React.FC<RegionItemProps> = ({
         resizeObserver.unobserve(previewContentRef.current);
       }
     };
-  }, [midiRegion, audioRegion, audioBuffer, previewWaveformPeaks, timeSignature, bpm, previewContentStyle?.width]);
+  }, [midiRegion, audioRegion, audioBuffer, previewWaveformPeaks, timeSignature, bpm, previewContentStyle?.width, redrawVersion]);
 
   // Handle mouse movement to detect edge proximity
   const handleMouseMove = (e: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {

src/components/track/TrackGridItem.tsx

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ const TrackGridItem: React.FC<TrackGridItemProps> = ({
   const activeTrackAutomationTrackId = useProjectStore(state => state.activeTrackAutomationTrackId);
   const activeTrackAutomationType = useProjectStore(state => state.activeTrackAutomationType);
   const trackAutomationRedrawVersion = useProjectStore(state => state.trackAutomationRedrawVersion);
+  const audioWaveformRedrawVersion = useProjectStore(state => state.audioWaveformRedrawVersion);
   const recordingMode = useProjectStore(state => state.recordingMode);
   const recordingTargetTrackIndex = useProjectStore(state => state.recordingTargetTrackIndex);
   const recordingCommitStartBeatAbsolute = useProjectStore(state => state.recordingCommitStartBeatAbsolute);
@@ -796,6 +797,7 @@ const TrackGridItem: React.FC<TrackGridItemProps> = ({
             audioRegion={audioRegion}
             audioBuffer={audioBuffer}
             previewContentStyle={tempPreviewRegionContentStyles[region.id]}
+            redrawVersion={audioWaveformRedrawVersion}
           />
         );
       })}

src/components/track/TrackGridPanel.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { showAlert } from '../../util/dialogUtil';
 import { parseMidiFirstTrackNotes } from '../../util/midiUtil';
 import * as Tone from 'tone';
 import { useProjectStore } from '../../stores/projectStore';
+import { getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats } from '../../util/globalTrackUtil';
 
 interface TrackGridPanelProps {
   tracks: KGTrack[];
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
 }) => {
   const selectedRegionIds = useProjectStore(state => state.selectedRegionIds);
   const refreshProjectState = useProjectStore(state => state.refreshProjectState);
+  const bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion = useProjectStore(state => state.bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion);
   const gridContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const [showAudioImportModal, setShowAudioImportModal] = useState(false);
   const [previewRegionStyles, setPreviewRegionStyles] = useState<Record<string, React.CSSProperties>>({});
@@ -356,12 +358,16 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
 
       const created = cmd.getCreatedRegion();
       if (created && onExternalDropComplete) {
+        const displayLengthInBars = Math.max(
+          1,
+          getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), created) / beatsPerBar
+        );
         const regionUI: RegionUI = {
           id: created.getId(),
           trackId: track.getId().toString(),
           trackIndex,
           barNumber,
-          length: lengthInBars,
+          length: displayLengthInBars,
           name: created.getName(),
         };
         onExternalDropComplete(trackIndex, regionUI);
@@ -571,6 +577,7 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
     const sourceTrack = tracks.find(t => {
       return t.getRegions().some(r => r.getId() === regionId);
     });
+    const movedRegionWasAudio = sourceTrack?.getRegions().find(r => r.getId() === regionId) instanceof KGAudioRegion;
     if (sourceTrack && sourceTrack.getType() !== targetTrack.getType()) {
       // Snap back — don't execute the move
       if (DEBUG_MODE.TRACK_GRID_PANEL) {
@@ -592,6 +599,12 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
 
         KGCore.instance().executeCommand(command, { rethrow: true });
         refreshProjectState();
+        if (bulkRegionIds.some(selectedId => {
+          const candidate = tracks.flatMap(track => track.getRegions()).find(region => region.getId() === selectedId);
+          return candidate instanceof KGAudioRegion;
+        })) {
+          bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+        }
         return;
       }
 
@@ -625,6 +638,9 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
         const movedRegion = command.getTargetRegion();
         console.log(`Verified region: ${movedRegion ? 'found' : 'not found'}, startBeat=${movedRegion?.getStartFromBeat()}, trackId=${movedRegion?.getTrackId()}`);
       }
+      if (movedRegionWasAudio) {
+        bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+      }
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Error moving region:', error);
       await showAlert(error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unable to move the selected regions.');
@@ -681,6 +697,12 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
         );
         KGCore.instance().executeCommand(command, { rethrow: true });
         refreshProjectState();
+        if (bulkRegionIds.some(selectedId => {
+          const candidate = tracks.flatMap(track => track.getRegions()).find(region => region.getId() === selectedId);
+          return candidate instanceof KGAudioRegion;
+        })) {
+          bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+        }
         return;
       }
 
@@ -692,6 +714,9 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
         region.trackIndex
       );
       KGCore.instance().executeCommand(command, { rethrow: true });
+      if (coreRegion instanceof KGAudioRegion) {
+        bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
+      }
 
       if (DEBUG_MODE.TRACK_GRID_PANEL) {
         console.log(`Fine-moved region ${regionId}: startFromBeat=${newStartFromBeat}`);
@@ -793,12 +818,16 @@ const TrackGridPanel: React.FC<TrackGridPanelProps> = ({
 
         const created = cmd.getCreatedRegion();
         if (created && onExternalDropComplete) {
+          const displayLengthInBars = Math.max(
+            1,
+            getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), created as unknown as KGAudioRegion) / beatsPerBar
+          );
           const regionUI: RegionUI = {
             id: created.getId(),
             trackId: track.getId().toString(),
             trackIndex,
             barNumber,
-            length: lengthInBars,
+            length: displayLengthInBars,
             name: created.getName(),
           };
           onExternalDropComplete(trackIndex, regionUI);

src/core/KGCore.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { KGMidiPitchBend } from './midi/KGMidiPitchBend';
 import { KGRegion } from './region/KGRegion';
 import { generateUniqueId } from '../util/miscUtil';
 import { KGCommand, KGCommandHistory } from './commands';
+import { getEffectiveBpmAtBeat } from '../util/globalTrackUtil';
 
 interface PlaybackStartOptions {
   preserveLoopPreroll?: boolean;
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ export class KGCore {
     try {
       const audioInterface = KGAudioInterface.instance();
       if (audioInterface.getIsInitialized()) {
-        audioInterface.setBpm(project.getBpm());
+        audioInterface.setBpm(getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, 0));
       }
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Error syncing project with audio interface:', error);
@@ -253,9 +254,6 @@ export class KGCore {
       audioInterface.preparePlayback(this.currentProject, this.playheadPosition, {
         allowStartBeforeLoopStart: options?.preserveLoopPreroll ?? false,
       });
-      
-      // Sync BPM and transport settings
-      audioInterface.setBpm(this.currentProject.getBpm());
       audioInterface.setTransportPosition(this.playheadPosition);
       
       console.log("Playback prepared successfully");
@@ -388,22 +386,8 @@ export class KGCore {
       this.stopPlaybackUpdates();
       return;
     }
-
+    const audioInterface = KGAudioInterface.instance();
-    // Calculate current playhead position based on elapsed time
+    let newPosition = audioInterface.getTransportPosition();
-    const elapsedMs = performance.now() - this.playbackStartTime;
-
-    // Get playback delay from config
-    const configManager = ConfigManager.instance();
-    const playbackDelaySeconds = (configManager.get('audio.playback_delay') as number) ?? 0.2;
-    const playbackDelayMs = playbackDelaySeconds * 1000;
-
-    // Subtract the delay from elapsed time for visual sync
-    // During the initial delay period, playhead stays at start position
-    const adjustedElapsedMs = Math.max(0, elapsedMs - playbackDelayMs);
-
-    const bpm = this.currentProject.getBpm();
-    const beatsPerMs = bpm / (60 * 1000);
-    let newPosition = this.playbackStartPosition + (adjustedElapsedMs * beatsPerMs);
 
     // Handle looping or end-of-project
     const beatsPerBar = this.currentProject.getTimeSignature().numerator;
@@ -415,10 +399,10 @@ export class KGCore {
 
       const loopStartBeats = startBar * beatsPerBar;
       const loopEndBeats = (endBar + 1) * beatsPerBar; // +1 because endBar is inclusive
-      const loopLengthBeats = loopEndBeats - loopStartBeats;
+      const previousPosition = this.playheadPosition;
 
-      // Wrap playhead position within loop range
+      // Tone.Transport position wraps back to loop start. Preserve the loop-end callback behavior.
-      if (newPosition >= loopEndBeats) {
+      if (this.loopBoundaryReachedCallback && previousPosition < loopEndBeats && newPosition < previousPosition) {
         if (this.loopBoundaryReachedCallback) {
           const callback = this.loopBoundaryReachedCallback;
           this.loopBoundaryReachedCallback = null;
@@ -426,16 +410,9 @@ export class KGCore {
           callback(loopEndBeats);
           return;
         }
-
-        // Calculate how far we've overshot and wrap back
-        const overshot = newPosition - loopEndBeats;
-        newPosition = loopStartBeats + (overshot % loopLengthBeats);
-
-        // Reset timing reference to prevent drift accumulation
-        const newElapsedBeats = newPosition - loopStartBeats;
-        this.playbackStartTime = performance.now() - (newElapsedBeats / beatsPerMs) - playbackDelayMs;
-        this.playbackStartPosition = loopStartBeats;
       }
+
+      newPosition = Math.max(loopStartBeats, Math.min(newPosition, loopEndBeats));
     } else {
       // Non-looping mode: stop at project end
       const maxBars = this.currentProject.getMaxBars();

src/core/audio-interface/KGAudioInterface.ts

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ import type { KGAudioRegion } from '../region/KGAudioRegion';
 import { KGCore } from '../KGCore';
 import { ConfigManager } from '../config/ConfigManager';
 import { KGMetronome } from './KGMetronome';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../global-track';
+import { beatRangeToSeconds, beatToSeconds, findGlobalTrackByType, getEffectiveBpmAtBeat, getSortedTempoRegions, secondsToBeat } from '../../util/globalTrackUtil';
 
 interface PreparePlaybackOptions {
   allowStartBeforeLoopStart?: boolean;
@@ -445,14 +447,14 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
 
     try {
       // Set project BPM and time signature FIRST (this affects timing calculations)
-      Tone.Transport.bpm.value = project.getBpm();
+      Tone.Transport.bpm.value = getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, Math.max(startPosition, 0));
       const timeSignature = project.getTimeSignature();
-      const secondsPerBeat = 60 / project.getBpm();
+      const secondsPerBeat = 60 / Math.max(1, getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, Math.max(startPosition, 0)));
       const resumeSafetyOffsetBeats =
         KGAudioInterface.AUDIO_RESUME_SAFETY_OFFSET_SECONDS / secondsPerBeat;
       Tone.Transport.timeSignature = [timeSignature.numerator, timeSignature.denominator];
 
-      console.log(`Setting Tone.js BPM to ${project.getBpm()}, actual value: ${Tone.Transport.bpm.value}`);
+      console.log(`Setting Tone.js BPM to ${Tone.Transport.bpm.value}, actual value: ${Tone.Transport.bpm.value}`);
 
       // Configure loop settings
       const isLooping = project.getIsLooping();
@@ -486,8 +488,10 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
         console.log("Loop mode disabled");
       }
 
+      this.scheduleTempoChanges(project, Math.max(startPosition, scheduleStartBeat), scheduleEndBeat);
+
       if (startPosition < 0) {
-        this.delayedTransportStartSeconds = Math.abs(startPosition) * secondsPerBeat;
+        this.delayedTransportStartSeconds = Math.abs(startPosition) * (60 / project.getBpm());
         this.virtualPrerollStartBeat = startPosition;
         this.virtualPrerollStartAudioTime = null;
       } else {
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
         const automationWindowStartBeat = isLooping ? Math.max(startPosition, scheduleStartBeat) : startPosition;
 
         this.applyTrackAutomationAtBeat(track, automationWindowStartBeat);
-        this.scheduleTrackAutomation(track, automationWindowStartBeat, scheduleEndBeat, interpolationIntervalMs, project.getBpm());
+        this.scheduleTrackAutomation(track, automationWindowStartBeat, scheduleEndBeat, interpolationIntervalMs, getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, automationWindowStartBeat));
 
         console.log(`Track ${trackId} has audio bus: ${audioBus ? 'true' : 'false'}; type: ${track.getType()}`);
         
@@ -622,7 +626,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
             scheduleEndBeat,
             {
               maxIntervalMs: interpolationIntervalMs,
-              bpm: project.getBpm(),
+              bpm: getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, pitchBendWindowStartBeat),
               defaultValue: MIDI_PITCH_BEND_CENTER,
             }
           );
@@ -648,7 +652,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
             scheduleEndBeat,
             {
               maxIntervalMs: interpolationIntervalMs,
-              bpm: project.getBpm(),
+              bpm: getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, pitchBendWindowStartBeat),
               defaultValue: 127,
               interpolationMode: 'linear',
               quantizeValue: clampMidiControllerValue,
@@ -676,7 +680,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
             scheduleEndBeat,
             {
               maxIntervalMs: interpolationIntervalMs,
-              bpm: project.getBpm(),
+              bpm: getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, pitchBendWindowStartBeat),
               defaultValue: 0,
               interpolationMode: 'step',
               quantizeValue: clampMidiControllerValue,
@@ -699,20 +703,19 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
           });
 
           trackNotes.forEach(({ note, absoluteStartBeat, absoluteEndBeat }) => {
-            const noteDurationBeats = absoluteEndBeat - absoluteStartBeat;
             const noteStartTime = this.beatsToToneTime(absoluteStartBeat);
-            const noteDuration = this.beatsToToneTime(noteDurationBeats);
+            const noteDurationSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, absoluteStartBeat, absoluteEndBeat);
             const velocity = note.getVelocity() / 127;
             const noteName = pitchToNoteNameString(note.getPitch());
 
             console.log(
-              `Scheduling note ${noteName} at beat ${Number(absoluteStartBeat.toFixed ? absoluteStartBeat.toFixed(3) : absoluteStartBeat.toLocaleString(undefined, {maximumFractionDigits: 3}))}, Tone time: ${Number(Number(noteStartTime).toFixed(3))}, duration: ${Number(Number(noteDuration).toFixed(3))}, delay: ${playbackDelay}s`
+              `Scheduling note ${noteName} at beat ${Number(absoluteStartBeat.toFixed ? absoluteStartBeat.toFixed(3) : absoluteStartBeat.toLocaleString(undefined, {maximumFractionDigits: 3}))}, Tone time: ${Number(Number(noteStartTime).toFixed(3))}, duration: ${Number(Number(noteDurationSeconds).toFixed(3))}, delay: ${playbackDelay}s`
             );
 
             const eventId = Tone.Transport.schedule((time) => {
               const hasSoloedTracks = this.hasSoloedTracks();
               if (audioBus.shouldPlayWithSolo(hasSoloedTracks)) {
-                audioBus.triggerPitchBendAwareAttack(note.getPitch(), time + playbackDelay, velocity, Tone.Time(noteDuration).toSeconds());
+                audioBus.triggerPitchBendAwareAttack(note.getPitch(), time + playbackDelay, velocity, noteDurationSeconds);
               }
             }, noteStartTime);
 
@@ -740,17 +743,15 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
               // Skip regions that start before playback start position
               if (regionStartBeat < startPosition) {
                 // Region starts before playhead — calculate offset into the audio file
-                const offsetBeats = startPosition - regionStartBeat;
+                const offsetSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, regionStartBeat, startPosition);
-                const offsetSeconds = offsetBeats * secondsPerBeat;
+                const remainingSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, startPosition, regionEndBeat);
-                const remainingBeats = regionEndBeat - startPosition;
-                const remainingSeconds = remainingBeats * secondsPerBeat;
                 const audioFileId = audioRegion.getAudioFileId();
 
                 // Cap duration at loop boundary to prevent overlap on loop re-trigger
                 let effectiveRemainingSeconds = remainingSeconds;
                 if (isLooping) {
                   const maxDurationBeats = scheduleEndBeat - startPosition;
-                  const maxDurationSeconds = maxDurationBeats * secondsPerBeat;
+                  const maxDurationSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, startPosition, startPosition + maxDurationBeats);
                   effectiveRemainingSeconds = Math.min(remainingSeconds, maxDurationSeconds);
                 }
 
@@ -769,7 +770,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
                     startPosition + resumeSafetyOffsetBeats,
                     regionEndBeat
                   );
-                  const extraOffsetSeconds = (safeResumeBeat - startPosition) * secondsPerBeat;
+                  const extraOffsetSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, startPosition, safeResumeBeat);
                   const adjustedOffsetSeconds = clipStartOffsetSeconds + offsetSeconds + extraOffsetSeconds;
                   const adjustedRemainingSeconds = Math.max(
                     0,
@@ -800,7 +801,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
 
               const audioFileId = audioRegion.getAudioFileId();
               // Effective duration: region length in seconds, capped at available audio after clip offset
-              const regionLengthSeconds = region.getLength() * secondsPerBeat;
+              const regionLengthSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, regionStartBeat, regionEndBeat);
               let effectiveDurationSeconds = Math.min(
                 regionLengthSeconds,
                 audioDurationSeconds - clipStartOffsetSeconds
@@ -814,7 +815,7 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
               // Cap duration at loop boundary to prevent overlap on loop re-trigger
               if (isLooping) {
                 const maxDurationBeats = scheduleEndBeat - regionStartBeat;
-                const maxDurationSeconds = maxDurationBeats * secondsPerBeat;
+                const maxDurationSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, regionStartBeat, regionStartBeat + maxDurationBeats);
                 effectiveDurationSeconds = Math.min(effectiveDurationSeconds, maxDurationSeconds);
               }
 
@@ -1176,8 +1177,12 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
         return Math.min(0, this.virtualPrerollStartBeat + elapsedBeats);
       }
 
-      const position = Tone.Transport.position;
+      const transportSeconds = Number(Tone.Transport.seconds);
-      return this.toneTimeToBeats(position);
+      if (Number.isFinite(transportSeconds)) {
+        return secondsToBeat(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), transportSeconds);
+      }
+
+      return this.toneTimeToBeats(Tone.Transport.position);
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Error getting transport position:', error);
       return 0;
@@ -1472,6 +1477,30 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
       });
   }
 
+  private scheduleTempoChanges(project: KGProject, windowStartBeat: number, windowEndBeat: number): void {
+    const tempoTrack = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!tempoTrack) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const tempoRegions = getSortedTempoRegions(tempoTrack, project.getTimeSignature().numerator);
+    if (tempoRegions.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    tempoRegions.forEach((region) => {
+      const regionStartBeat = region.getStartBar() * project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+      if (regionStartBeat <= windowStartBeat || regionStartBeat >= windowEndBeat) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const eventId = Tone.Transport.schedule(() => {
+        Tone.Transport.bpm.value = region.getBpm();
+      }, this.beatsToToneTime(regionStartBeat));
+      this.scheduledEvents.add(eventId);
+    });
+  }
+
   private clearTrackAutomationOverrides(): void {
     this.trackAudioBuses.forEach(audioBus => {
       audioBus.setAutomationVolume(null);
@@ -1527,35 +1556,15 @@ export class KGAudioInterface {
    * This approach handles triplets and all subdivisions correctly
    */
   private beatsToToneTime(beats: number): Tone.Unit.Time {
-    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    return beatToSeconds(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), beats) as Tone.Unit.Time;
-    const bpm = project.getBpm();
-    
-    // Calculate seconds per beat - BPM is always quarter note beats per minute
-    // Time signature denominator doesn't affect BPM, only subdivision
-    const secondsPerBeat = 60 / bpm;
-    
-    // Convert beats directly to seconds
-    const totalSeconds = beats * secondsPerBeat;
-    
-    return totalSeconds as Tone.Unit.Time;
   }
 
   /**
    * Convert Tone.js time format to beats
    */
   private toneTimeToBeats(toneTime: Tone.Unit.Time): number {
-    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
-    const bpm = project.getBpm();
-    
-    // Calculate seconds per beat - BPM is always quarter note beats per minute
-    // Time signature denominator doesn't affect BPM, only subdivision
-    const secondsPerBeat = 60 / bpm;
-    
-    // Tone.Time() can handle both numbers and strings
     const seconds = Tone.Time(toneTime).toSeconds();
-    const beats = seconds / secondsPerBeat;
+    return secondsToBeat(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), seconds);
-    
-    return beats;
   }
 
   /**

src/core/audio-interface/KGOfflineRenderer.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import { KGToneBuffersPool } from './KGToneBuffersPool';
 import { KGToneSamplerFactory } from './KGToneSamplerFactory';
 import { KGAudioInterface } from './KGAudioInterface';
 import { KGAudioBus } from './KGAudioBus';
+import { beatRangeToSeconds, beatToSeconds, findGlobalTrackByType, getEffectiveBpmAtBeat, getSortedTempoRegions } from '../../util/globalTrackUtil';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../global-track';
 import { ConfigManager } from '../config/ConfigManager';
 import { Mp3Encoder } from '@breezystack/lamejs';
 
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
     const tailSeconds = options?.tailSeconds ?? 2;
 
     // Calculate render duration in seconds
-    const bpm = project.getBpm();
+    const bpm = getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, 0);
     const secondsPerBeat = 60 / bpm;
     const timeSignature = project.getTimeSignature();
     const beatsPerBar = timeSignature.numerator;
@@ -279,7 +281,7 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
       // else: no content found, keep the full project range as fallback
     }
 
-    const durationSeconds = (renderEndBeat - renderStartBeat) * secondsPerBeat + tailSeconds;
+    const durationSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, renderStartBeat, renderEndBeat) + tailSeconds;
 
     console.log(`Offline render: ${durationSeconds}s (beats ${renderStartBeat}-${renderEndBeat}), ${sampleRate}Hz, ${channels}ch`);
 
@@ -289,8 +291,20 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
       const masterGain = new Tone.Gain(1).toDestination();
 
       // Set BPM and time signature on offline transport
-      context.transport.bpm.value = bpm;
+      context.transport.bpm.value = getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, renderStartBeat);
       context.transport.timeSignature = [timeSignature.numerator, timeSignature.denominator];
+      const tempoTrack = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+      const tempoRegions = tempoTrack ? getSortedTempoRegions(tempoTrack, timeSignature.numerator) : [];
+      tempoRegions.forEach((region) => {
+        const regionStartBeat = region.getStartBar() * timeSignature.numerator;
+        if (regionStartBeat <= renderStartBeat || regionStartBeat >= renderEndBeat) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        context.transport.schedule((time) => {
+          context.transport.bpm.setValueAtTime(region.getBpm(), time);
+        }, beatToSeconds(project, regionStartBeat) - beatToSeconds(project, renderStartBeat));
+      });
 
       // ---- Create MIDI track samplers ----
       const samplerPromises: Promise<void>[] = [];
@@ -343,7 +357,7 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
               renderEndBeat,
               {
                 maxIntervalMs: interpolationIntervalMs,
-                bpm: project.getBpm(),
+                bpm: getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, renderStartBeat),
                 defaultValue: MIDI_PITCH_BEND_CENTER,
               }
             );
@@ -353,7 +367,7 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
               renderEndBeat,
               {
                 maxIntervalMs: interpolationIntervalMs,
-                bpm: project.getBpm(),
+                bpm: getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, renderStartBeat),
                 defaultValue: 127,
                 interpolationMode: 'linear',
                 quantizeValue: clampMidiControllerValue,
@@ -366,14 +380,13 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
                 // Skip notes outside render range
                 if (note.startBeat >= renderEndBeat || note.endBeat <= renderStartBeat) continue;
 
-                const offsetBeat = note.startBeat - renderStartBeat;
+                const noteStartTime = beatToSeconds(project, note.startBeat) - beatToSeconds(project, renderStartBeat);
-                const noteStartTime = offsetBeat * secondsPerBeat;
                 const sustainedEndBeat = resolveSustainExtendedEndBeat(
                   trackInfo.controllerEventsByType[64],
                   note.endBeat,
                   0
                 );
-                const noteDuration = Math.max(0, sustainedEndBeat - note.startBeat) * secondsPerBeat;
+                const noteDuration = beatRangeToSeconds(project, note.startBeat, sustainedEndBeat);
                 const velocity = note.velocity / 127;
                 const initialNormalizedPitchBend = midiPitchBendToNormalized(
                   resolveMidiAutomationValueAtBeat(trackInfo.pitchBends, note.startBeat, MIDI_PITCH_BEND_CENTER)
@@ -451,13 +464,12 @@ export class KGOfflineRenderer {
 
           const clipStartOffsetSeconds = regionInfo.clipStartOffsetSeconds;
           const audioDurationSeconds = regionInfo.audioDurationSeconds;
-          const regionLengthSeconds = regionInfo.lengthBeats * secondsPerBeat;
+          const regionLengthSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, regionStartBeat, regionEndBeat);
           const effectiveDurationSeconds = Math.min(regionLengthSeconds, audioDurationSeconds - clipStartOffsetSeconds);
 
           if (effectiveDurationSeconds <= 0) continue;
 
-          const offsetBeat = regionStartBeat - renderStartBeat;
+          const regionStartTime = Math.max(0, beatToSeconds(project, regionStartBeat) - beatToSeconds(project, renderStartBeat));
-          const regionStartTime = Math.max(0, offsetBeat * secondsPerBeat);
 
           // Create buffer source NOW while the offline context is still active.
           // Schedule callbacks fire during rendering after Tone.js restores the

src/core/commands/global-region/CreateTempoRegionCommand.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { KGCommand } from '../KGCommand';
+import { KGCore } from '../../KGCore';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../../global-track';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../region/KGTempoRegion';
+import { generateUniqueId } from '../../../util/miscUtil';
+import {
+  cloneTempoRegions,
+  findGlobalTrackByType,
+  findTempoRegionAtBar,
+  getEffectiveBpmAtBar,
+  getSongEndBar,
+  getSortedTempoRegions,
+} from '../../../util/globalTrackUtil';
+
+export class CreateTempoRegionCommand extends KGCommand {
+  private readonly startBar: number;
+  private readonly regionId: string;
+  private createdRegion: KGTempoRegion | null = null;
+  private previousRegions: KGTempoRegion[] = [];
+
+  constructor(startBar: number, regionId?: string) {
+    super();
+    this.startBar = startBar;
+    this.regionId = regionId ?? generateUniqueId('KGTempoRegion');
+  }
+
+  execute(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found');
+    }
+
+    const existingRegions = getSortedTempoRegions(track, beatsPerBar);
+    this.previousRegions = cloneTempoRegions(existingRegions, beatsPerBar);
+
+    const songEndBar = getSongEndBar(project);
+    const clampedStartBar = Math.max(0, Math.min(this.startBar, Math.max(0, songEndBar - 1)));
+
+    if (existingRegions.length === 0) {
+      this.createdRegion = new KGTempoRegion(
+        this.regionId,
+        track.getId(),
+        track.getTrackIndex(),
+        getEffectiveBpmAtBar(project, clampedStartBar),
+        0,
+        Math.max(1, songEndBar),
+        beatsPerBar
+      );
+      track.setRegions([this.createdRegion]);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const containingRegion = findTempoRegionAtBar(project, clampedStartBar);
+    if (!containingRegion) {
+      throw new Error(`No tempo region covers bar ${clampedStartBar}`);
+    }
+
+    const regionStartBar = containingRegion.getStartBar();
+    const regionEndBar = containingRegion.getEndBar();
+    if (clampedStartBar <= regionStartBar || clampedStartBar >= regionEndBar) {
+      throw new Error(`Bar ${clampedStartBar} is not a valid split point`);
+    }
+
+    containingRegion.setLengthBars(clampedStartBar - regionStartBar, beatsPerBar);
+    this.createdRegion = new KGTempoRegion(
+      this.regionId,
+      track.getId(),
+      track.getTrackIndex(),
+      containingRegion.getBpm(),
+      clampedStartBar,
+      regionEndBar - clampedStartBar,
+      beatsPerBar
+    );
+    track.setRegions([...existingRegions, this.createdRegion].sort((left, right) => left.getStartBar() - right.getStartBar()));
+  }
+
+  undo(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found during undo');
+    }
+
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    track.setRegions(cloneTempoRegions(this.previousRegions, beatsPerBar));
+  }
+
+  getDescription(): string {
+    return `Create tempo change at bar ${this.startBar + 1}`;
+  }
+
+  public getCreatedRegion(): KGTempoRegion | null {
+    return this.createdRegion;
+  }
+}

src/core/commands/global-region/DeleteTempoRegionCommand.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import { KGCommand } from '../KGCommand';
+import { KGCore } from '../../KGCore';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../../global-track';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../region/KGTempoRegion';
+import {
+  cloneTempoRegions,
+  findGlobalTrackByType,
+  getSortedTempoRegions,
+} from '../../../util/globalTrackUtil';
+
+export class DeleteTempoRegionCommand extends KGCommand {
+  private readonly regionId: string;
+  private previousRegions: KGTempoRegion[] = [];
+  private deletedBpm = '';
+
+  constructor(regionId: string) {
+    super();
+    this.regionId = regionId;
+  }
+
+  execute(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found');
+    }
+
+    const regions = getSortedTempoRegions(track, beatsPerBar);
+    this.previousRegions = cloneTempoRegions(regions, beatsPerBar);
+
+    const targetIndex = regions.findIndex(region => region.getId() === this.regionId);
+    if (targetIndex === -1) {
+      throw new Error(`Tempo region with ID ${this.regionId} not found`);
+    }
+
+    const targetRegion = regions[targetIndex];
+    this.deletedBpm = `${targetRegion.getBpm()} BPM`;
+
+    if (regions.length === 1) {
+      track.setRegions([]);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const nextRegions = [...regions];
+    const deletedLengthBars = targetRegion.getLengthBars();
+
+    if (targetIndex === 0) {
+      const nextRegion = nextRegions[1];
+      nextRegion.setBarRange(0, nextRegion.getLengthBars() + deletedLengthBars, beatsPerBar);
+      nextRegions.splice(0, 1);
+      track.setRegions(nextRegions);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const previousRegion = nextRegions[targetIndex - 1];
+    previousRegion.setLengthBars(previousRegion.getLengthBars() + deletedLengthBars, beatsPerBar);
+    nextRegions.splice(targetIndex, 1);
+    track.setRegions(nextRegions);
+  }
+
+  undo(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found during undo');
+    }
+
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    track.setRegions(cloneTempoRegions(this.previousRegions, beatsPerBar));
+  }
+
+  getDescription(): string {
+    return `Delete tempo "${this.deletedBpm || this.regionId}"`;
+  }
+}
+
+export class DeleteMultipleTempoRegionsCommand extends KGCommand {
+  private readonly regionIds: string[];
+  private previousRegions: KGTempoRegion[] = [];
+
+  constructor(regionIds: string[]) {
+    super();
+    this.regionIds = regionIds;
+  }
+
+  execute(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found');
+    }
+
+    const regions = getSortedTempoRegions(track, beatsPerBar);
+    this.previousRegions = cloneTempoRegions(regions, beatsPerBar);
+
+    let workingRegions = cloneTempoRegions(regions, beatsPerBar);
+
+    for (const regionId of this.regionIds) {
+      const targetIndex = workingRegions.findIndex(region => region.getId() === regionId);
+      if (targetIndex === -1) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const deletedRegion = workingRegions[targetIndex];
+      const deletedLengthBars = deletedRegion.getLengthBars();
+
+      if (workingRegions.length === 1) {
+        workingRegions = [];
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (targetIndex === 0) {
+        const nextRegion = workingRegions[1];
+        nextRegion.setBarRange(0, nextRegion.getLengthBars() + deletedLengthBars, beatsPerBar);
+        workingRegions.splice(0, 1);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const previousRegion = workingRegions[targetIndex - 1];
+      previousRegion.setLengthBars(previousRegion.getLengthBars() + deletedLengthBars, beatsPerBar);
+      workingRegions.splice(targetIndex, 1);
+    }
+
+    track.setRegions(workingRegions);
+  }
+
+  undo(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found during undo');
+    }
+
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    track.setRegions(cloneTempoRegions(this.previousRegions, beatsPerBar));
+  }
+
+  getDescription(): string {
+    return this.regionIds.length === 1 ? 'Delete tempo change' : `Delete ${this.regionIds.length} tempo changes`;
+  }
+}

src/core/commands/global-region/GlobalTempoCommands.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { KGCore } from '../../KGCore';
+import { KGProject } from '../../KGProject';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../../global-track';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../region/KGTempoRegion';
+import { CreateTempoRegionCommand } from './CreateTempoRegionCommand';
+import { DeleteTempoRegionCommand } from './DeleteTempoRegionCommand';
+import { ResizeTempoRegionCommand } from './ResizeTempoRegionCommand';
+import { UpdateTempoRegionCommand } from './UpdateTempoRegionCommand';
+
+describe('global tempo region commands', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    const project = new KGProject('Tempo', 8, 0, 120);
+    const mockCore = KGCore.instance() as unknown as {
+      getCurrentProject: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    };
+
+    mockCore.getCurrentProject.mockReturnValue(project);
+  });
+
+  const getTempoTrack = () => {
+    const tempoTrack = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject().getGlobalTracks()
+      .find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+
+    if (!tempoTrack) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo track missing in test setup');
+    }
+
+    return tempoTrack;
+  };
+
+  it('creates the first explicit region as full-song coverage', () => {
+    const command = new CreateTempoRegionCommand(3);
+    command.execute();
+
+    const tempoTrack = getTempoTrack();
+    const regions = tempoTrack.getRegions() as KGTempoRegion[];
+
+    expect(regions).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(regions[0].getStartBar()).toBe(0);
+    expect(regions[0].getLengthBars()).toBe(8);
+    expect(regions[0].getBpm()).toBe(120);
+  });
+
+  it('creates additional regions by splitting the covered span and inheriting BPM', () => {
+    const tempoTrack = getTempoTrack();
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('left', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 128, 0, 8, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    const command = new CreateTempoRegionCommand(5);
+    command.execute();
+
+    const regions = tempoTrack.getRegions() as KGTempoRegion[];
+    expect(regions).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(regions[0].getLengthBars()).toBe(5);
+    expect(regions[1].getStartBar()).toBe(5);
+    expect(regions[1].getLengthBars()).toBe(3);
+    expect(regions[1].getBpm()).toBe(128);
+  });
+
+  it('resizes a shared boundary and keeps the track gapless', () => {
+    const tempoTrack = getTempoTrack();
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('left', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 4, 4),
+      new KGTempoRegion('right', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 140, 4, 4, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    const command = new ResizeTempoRegionCommand('left', 'end', 6);
+    command.execute();
+
+    const regions = tempoTrack.getRegions() as KGTempoRegion[];
+    expect(regions[0].getLengthBars()).toBe(6);
+    expect(regions[1].getStartBar()).toBe(6);
+    expect(regions[1].getLengthBars()).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('deletes a middle region by extending the previous region', () => {
+    const tempoTrack = getTempoTrack();
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('first', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 2, 4),
+      new KGTempoRegion('middle', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 128, 2, 3, 4),
+      new KGTempoRegion('last', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 140, 5, 3, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    const command = new DeleteTempoRegionCommand('middle');
+    command.execute();
+
+    const regions = tempoTrack.getRegions() as KGTempoRegion[];
+    expect(regions).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(regions[0].getLengthBars()).toBe(5);
+    expect(regions[1].getStartBar()).toBe(5);
+  });
+
+  it('allows deleting the last remaining region', () => {
+    const tempoTrack = getTempoTrack();
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('only', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 8, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    const command = new DeleteTempoRegionCommand('only');
+    command.execute();
+
+    expect(tempoTrack.getRegions()).toHaveLength(0);
+    command.undo();
+    expect(tempoTrack.getRegions()).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it('updates the region tempo with undo support', () => {
+    const tempoTrack = getTempoTrack();
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('region', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 8, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    const command = new UpdateTempoRegionCommand('region', 150);
+    command.execute();
+    expect((tempoTrack.getRegions()[0] as KGTempoRegion).getBpm()).toBe(150);
+    command.undo();
+    expect((tempoTrack.getRegions()[0] as KGTempoRegion).getBpm()).toBe(120);
+  });
+});

src/core/commands/global-region/ResizeTempoRegionCommand.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import { KGCommand } from '../KGCommand';
+import { KGCore } from '../../KGCore';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../../global-track';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../region/KGTempoRegion';
+import type { GlobalRegionResizeEdge } from './ResizeGlobalRegionCommand';
+import {
+  cloneTempoRegions,
+  findGlobalTrackByType,
+  getSortedTempoRegions,
+} from '../../../util/globalTrackUtil';
+
+export class ResizeTempoRegionCommand extends KGCommand {
+  private readonly regionId: string;
+  private readonly edge: GlobalRegionResizeEdge;
+  private readonly desiredBar: number;
+  private previousRegions: KGTempoRegion[] = [];
+
+  constructor(regionId: string, edge: GlobalRegionResizeEdge, desiredBar: number) {
+    super();
+    this.regionId = regionId;
+    this.edge = edge;
+    this.desiredBar = desiredBar;
+  }
+
+  execute(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found');
+    }
+
+    const regions = getSortedTempoRegions(track, beatsPerBar);
+    this.previousRegions = cloneTempoRegions(regions, beatsPerBar);
+
+    const targetIndex = regions.findIndex(region => region.getId() === this.regionId);
+    if (targetIndex === -1) {
+      throw new Error(`Tempo region with ID ${this.regionId} not found`);
+    }
+
+    const targetRegion = regions[targetIndex];
+    if (this.edge === 'start') {
+      if (targetIndex === 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const previousRegion = regions[targetIndex - 1];
+      const targetEndBar = targetRegion.getEndBar();
+      const clampedBoundaryBar = Math.max(
+        previousRegion.getStartBar() + 1,
+        Math.min(this.desiredBar, targetEndBar - 1)
+      );
+
+      previousRegion.setLengthBars(clampedBoundaryBar - previousRegion.getStartBar(), beatsPerBar);
+      targetRegion.setBarRange(clampedBoundaryBar, targetEndBar - clampedBoundaryBar, beatsPerBar);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (targetIndex === regions.length - 1) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const nextRegion = regions[targetIndex + 1];
+    const nextRegionEndBar = nextRegion.getEndBar();
+    const clampedBoundaryBar = Math.max(
+      targetRegion.getStartBar() + 1,
+      Math.min(this.desiredBar, nextRegionEndBar - 1)
+    );
+
+    targetRegion.setLengthBars(clampedBoundaryBar - targetRegion.getStartBar(), beatsPerBar);
+    nextRegion.setBarRange(clampedBoundaryBar, nextRegionEndBar - clampedBoundaryBar, beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  undo(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found during undo');
+    }
+
+    const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+    track.setRegions(cloneTempoRegions(this.previousRegions, beatsPerBar));
+  }
+
+  getDescription(): string {
+    return `Resize tempo boundary for "${this.regionId}"`;
+  }
+}

src/core/commands/global-region/UpdateTempoRegionCommand.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { KGCommand } from '../KGCommand';
+import { KGCore } from '../../KGCore';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../../global-track';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../../region/KGTempoRegion';
+import { findGlobalTrackByType } from '../../../util/globalTrackUtil';
+
+export class UpdateTempoRegionCommand extends KGCommand {
+  private readonly regionId: string;
+  private readonly nextBpm: number;
+  private previousBpm: number | null = null;
+  private targetRegion: KGTempoRegion | null = null;
+
+  constructor(regionId: string, nextBpm: number) {
+    super();
+    this.regionId = regionId;
+    this.nextBpm = nextBpm;
+  }
+
+  execute(): void {
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
+    const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!track) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo global track not found');
+    }
+
+    const region = track.getRegions().find(candidate => candidate.getId() === this.regionId);
+    if (!(region instanceof KGTempoRegion)) {
+      throw new Error(`Tempo region with ID ${this.regionId} not found`);
+    }
+
+    this.targetRegion = region;
+    this.previousBpm = region.getBpm();
+    region.setBpm(this.nextBpm);
+  }
+
+  undo(): void {
+    if (!this.targetRegion || this.previousBpm === null) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot undo tempo update without previous state');
+    }
+
+    this.targetRegion.setBpm(this.previousBpm);
+  }
+
+  getDescription(): string {
+    return `Change tempo to "${this.nextBpm} BPM"`;
+  }
+}

src/core/commands/index.ts

@@ -37,13 +37,17 @@ export { MergeMidiRegionsCommand } from './region/MergeMidiRegionsCommand';
 // Global region commands
 export { CreateGlobalMarkerRegionCommand } from './global-region/CreateGlobalMarkerRegionCommand';
 export { CreateKeySignatureRegionCommand } from './global-region/CreateKeySignatureRegionCommand';
+export { CreateTempoRegionCommand } from './global-region/CreateTempoRegionCommand';
 export { MoveGlobalRegionCommand } from './global-region/MoveGlobalRegionCommand';
 export { ResizeGlobalRegionCommand, type GlobalRegionResizeEdge } from './global-region/ResizeGlobalRegionCommand';
 export { ResizeKeySignatureRegionCommand } from './global-region/ResizeKeySignatureRegionCommand';
+export { ResizeTempoRegionCommand } from './global-region/ResizeTempoRegionCommand';
 export { DeleteGlobalRegionCommand, DeleteMultipleGlobalRegionsCommand } from './global-region/DeleteGlobalRegionCommand';
 export { UpdateGlobalRegionTextCommand } from './global-region/UpdateGlobalRegionTextCommand';
 export { DeleteKeySignatureRegionCommand, DeleteMultipleKeySignatureRegionsCommand } from './global-region/DeleteKeySignatureRegionCommand';
 export { UpdateKeySignatureRegionCommand } from './global-region/UpdateKeySignatureRegionCommand';
+export { DeleteTempoRegionCommand, DeleteMultipleTempoRegionsCommand } from './global-region/DeleteTempoRegionCommand';
+export { UpdateTempoRegionCommand } from './global-region/UpdateTempoRegionCommand';
 
 // Note commands
 export { CreateNoteCommand } from './note/CreateNoteCommand';

src/core/commands/project/ChangeProjectPropertyCommand.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { KGCommand } from '../KGCommand';
 import { KGCore } from '../../KGCore';
 import { KGProject, type KeySignature } from '../../KGProject';
 import type { TimeSignature } from '../../../types/projectTypes';
+import { normalizeTempoRegionsForProject } from '../../../util/globalTrackUtil';
 
 /**
  * Interface defining properties that can be updated on a project
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ export class ChangeProjectPropertyCommand extends KGCommand {
     // Update maxBars
     if (this.newProperties.maxBars !== undefined && this.newProperties.maxBars !== this.originalProperties.maxBars) {
       this.targetProject.setMaxBars(this.newProperties.maxBars);
+      normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(this.targetProject);
       this.changedProperties.add('maxBars');
       updatedProperties.push(`maxBars: ${this.originalProperties.maxBars} → ${this.newProperties.maxBars}`);
     }
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ export class ChangeProjectPropertyCommand extends KGCommand {
       // Compare time signatures
       if (originalTS.numerator !== newTS.numerator || originalTS.denominator !== newTS.denominator) {
         this.targetProject.setTimeSignature(newTS);
+        normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(this.targetProject);
         this.changedProperties.add('timeSignature');
         updatedProperties.push(`timeSignature: ${originalTS.numerator}/${originalTS.denominator} → ${newTS.numerator}/${newTS.denominator}`);
       }
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ export class ChangeProjectPropertyCommand extends KGCommand {
     // Restore maxBars (only if it was changed)
     if (this.changedProperties.has('maxBars') && this.originalProperties.maxBars !== undefined) {
       this.targetProject.setMaxBars(this.originalProperties.maxBars);
+      normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(this.targetProject);
       restoredProperties.push(`maxBars: ${this.originalProperties.maxBars}`);
     }
 
@@ -146,6 +150,7 @@ export class ChangeProjectPropertyCommand extends KGCommand {
     // Restore time signature (only if it was changed)
     if (this.changedProperties.has('timeSignature') && this.originalProperties.timeSignature !== undefined) {
       this.targetProject.setTimeSignature(this.originalProperties.timeSignature);
+      normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(this.targetProject);
       const ts = this.originalProperties.timeSignature;
       restoredProperties.push(`timeSignature: ${ts.numerator}/${ts.denominator}`);
     }

src/core/global-track/KGGlobalTrack.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Expose, Type } from 'class-transformer';
 import { KGGlobalRegion } from '../region/KGGlobalRegion';
 import { KGKeySignatureRegion } from '../region/KGKeySignatureRegion';
 import { KGMarkerRegion } from '../region/KGMarkerRegion';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../region/KGTempoRegion';
 
 export enum GlobalTrackType {
   Marker = 'marker',
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export class KGGlobalTrack {
       subTypes: [
         { value: KGGlobalRegion, name: 'KGGlobalRegion' },
         { value: KGMarkerRegion, name: 'KGMarkerRegion' },
+        { value: KGTempoRegion, name: 'KGTempoRegion' },
         { value: KGKeySignatureRegion, name: 'KGKeySignatureRegion' },
       ],
     },

src/core/region/KGTempoRegion.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { Expose } from 'class-transformer';
+import { KGGlobalRegion } from './KGGlobalRegion';
+
+export class KGTempoRegion extends KGGlobalRegion {
+  @Expose()
+  protected override __type: string = 'KGTempoRegion';
+
+  @Expose()
+  private bpm: number = 120;
+
+  @Expose()
+  private startBar: number = 0;
+
+  @Expose()
+  private lengthBars: number = 1;
+
+  constructor(
+    id: string,
+    trackId: string,
+    trackIndex: number,
+    bpm: number,
+    startBar: number = 0,
+    lengthBars: number = 1,
+    beatsPerBar: number = 4
+  ) {
+    super(id, trackId, trackIndex, `${bpm} BPM`, startBar * beatsPerBar, lengthBars * beatsPerBar);
+    this.__type = 'KGTempoRegion';
+    this.bpm = bpm;
+    this.startBar = startBar;
+    this.lengthBars = lengthBars;
+    this.syncBeatsFromBars(beatsPerBar);
+    super.setName(this.getDisplayName());
+  }
+
+  public getBpm(): number {
+    return this.bpm;
+  }
+
+  public setBpm(bpm: number): void {
+    this.bpm = bpm;
+    super.setName(this.getDisplayName());
+  }
+
+  public getStartBar(): number {
+    return this.startBar;
+  }
+
+  public getLengthBars(): number {
+    return this.lengthBars;
+  }
+
+  public getEndBar(): number {
+    return this.startBar + this.lengthBars;
+  }
+
+  public setStartBar(startBar: number, beatsPerBar: number): void {
+    this.startBar = startBar;
+    this.syncBeatsFromBars(beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  public setLengthBars(lengthBars: number, beatsPerBar: number): void {
+    this.lengthBars = lengthBars;
+    this.syncBeatsFromBars(beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  public setBarRange(startBar: number, lengthBars: number, beatsPerBar: number): void {
+    this.startBar = startBar;
+    this.lengthBars = lengthBars;
+    this.syncBeatsFromBars(beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  public syncBeatsFromBars(beatsPerBar: number): void {
+    super.setStartFromBeat(this.startBar * beatsPerBar);
+    super.setLength(this.lengthBars * beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  public syncBarsFromBeats(beatsPerBar: number): void {
+    this.startBar = Math.floor(this.getStartFromBeat() / beatsPerBar);
+    this.lengthBars = Math.max(1, Math.round(this.getLength() / beatsPerBar));
+    super.setName(this.getDisplayName());
+  }
+
+  public getDisplayName(): string {
+    return `${this.bpm} BPM`;
+  }
+
+  public override getCurrentType(): string {
+    return 'KGTempoRegion';
+  }
+}

src/stores/projectStore.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { CreateMidiEventsCommand, type NoteCreationData, type PitchBendCreationD
 import { MIDI_PITCH_BEND_CENTER } from '../util/midiUtil';
 import { KGTrackAutomationPoint, type TrackAutomationType } from '../core/track/KGTrackAutomationPoint';
 import type { AudioRecordingPeak } from '../core/audio-interface/KGAudioRecorder';
+import { beatToSeconds } from '../util/globalTrackUtil';
 
 /**
  * Update CSS custom property for time signature numerator
@@ -54,6 +55,16 @@ function updateBarWidthMultiplierCSS(multiplier: number): void {
   );
 }
 
+function formatCurrentTime(project: KGProject, beat: number): string {
+  const seconds = beatToSeconds(project, beat);
+  const bpmForLegacyFormatting = seconds > 0 ? (beat / seconds) * 60 : project.getBpm();
+  return beatsToTimeString(beat, bpmForLegacyFormatting, project.getTimeSignature());
+}
+
+function getProjectGlobalTracks(project: KGProject): KGGlobalTrack[] {
+  return (project.getGlobalTracks?.() ?? []) as KGGlobalTrack[];
+}
+
 type SidePanelType = 'kgone' | 'chat' | 'eventList';
 
 function getSidePanelVisibilityState(activePanel: SidePanelType | null) {
@@ -106,6 +117,7 @@ interface ProjectState {
   activeTrackAutomationTrackId: string | null;
   activeTrackAutomationType: TrackAutomationType | null;
   trackAutomationRedrawVersion: number;
+  audioWaveformRedrawVersion: number;
 
   // ChatBox state
   showChatBox: boolean;
@@ -203,6 +215,7 @@ interface ProjectState {
   openHybridMode: (midiRegionId: string, audioRegionId: string) => void;
   bumpAutomationRedrawVersion: () => void;
   bumpTrackAutomationRedrawVersion: () => void;
+  bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion: () => void;
 
   // Project state cleanup
   cleanupProjectState: () => void;
@@ -318,9 +331,10 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
   // Set up playhead update callback to keep store in sync during playback
   KGCore.instance().setPlayheadUpdateCallback((position: number) => {
     const { bpm, timeSignature } = get();
+    const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
     set(state => ({
       playheadPosition: position,
-      currentTime: beatsToTimeString(position, bpm, timeSignature),
+      currentTime: formatCurrentTime(project, position),
       recordingAudioPreviewCurrentBeat: state.recordingMode === 'audio'
         ? Math.max(state.recordingCommitStartBeatAbsolute, position)
         : state.recordingAudioPreviewCurrentBeat,
@@ -407,7 +421,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
     projectName: currentProject.getName(),
     savedProjectName: currentProject.getName(),
     tracks: currentProject.getTracks() as KGTrack[],
-    globalTracks: currentProject.getGlobalTracks() as KGGlobalTrack[],
+    globalTracks: getProjectGlobalTracks(currentProject),
     currentStatus: KGCore.instance().getStatus() || 'Unknown',
     maxBars: currentProject.getMaxBars(),
     barWidthMultiplier: currentProject.getBarWidthMultiplier(),
@@ -422,7 +436,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
     isPlaying: KGCore.instance().getIsPlaying(),
     isPreparingPlayback: false,
     autoScrollEnabled: true,
-    currentTime: beatsToTimeString(KGCore.instance().getPlayheadPosition(), currentProject.getBpm(), currentProject.getTimeSignature()),
+    currentTime: formatCurrentTime(currentProject, KGCore.instance().getPlayheadPosition()),
 
     // Initial selection state
     selectedNoteIds: [],
@@ -443,6 +457,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
     activeTrackAutomationTrackId: null,
     activeTrackAutomationType: null,
     trackAutomationRedrawVersion: 0,
+    audioWaveformRedrawVersion: 0,
 
     // Initial ChatBox state
     showChatBox: initialChatBoxState,
@@ -522,7 +537,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
         set({
           tracks: [...project.getTracks()] as KGTrack[],
-          globalTracks: [...project.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+          globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(project)],
         });
 
         // Auto-select the newly created track and open instrument selection panel
@@ -547,7 +562,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
         set({
           tracks: [...project.getTracks()] as KGTrack[],
-          globalTracks: [...project.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+          globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(project)],
         });
 
         const newTrackId = command.getTrackId().toString();
@@ -670,7 +685,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         const remainingTracks = [...project.getTracks()] as KGTrack[];
         set({
           tracks: remainingTracks,
-          globalTracks: [...project.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+          globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(project)],
         });
 
         // Auto-select another track if any remain
@@ -758,7 +773,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
         set({
           tracks: [...project.getTracks()] as KGTrack[],
-          globalTracks: [...project.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+          globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(project)],
         });
 
         console.log(`Updated track ${trackId} properties`);
@@ -790,7 +805,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         const project = KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject();
         set({
           tracks: [...project.getTracks()] as KGTrack[],
-          globalTracks: [...project.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+          globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(project)],
         });
 
         console.log(`Reordered track from index ${sourceIndex} to ${destinationIndex}`);
@@ -920,7 +935,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
           projectName: projectToLoad.getName(),
           savedProjectName: savedName ?? projectToLoad.getName(),
           tracks: [...tracks],
-          globalTracks: [...projectToLoad.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+          globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(projectToLoad)],
           maxBars,
           barWidthMultiplier: projectToLoad.getBarWidthMultiplier(),
           timeSignature,
@@ -947,7 +962,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
           recordingAudioPreviewCurrentBeat: 0,
           recordingAudioPreviewFileName: null,
           playheadPosition: 0, // Ensure store state is also updated
-          currentTime: beatsToTimeString(0, bpm, timeSignature) // Reset time display
+          currentTime: formatCurrentTime(projectToLoad, 0) // Reset time display
         });
 
         // After loading a project, auto-select the first track and open Instrument Selection
@@ -978,7 +993,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
       KGCore.instance().setPlayheadPosition(position);
       set({
         playheadPosition: position,
-        currentTime: beatsToTimeString(position, bpm, timeSignature)
+        currentTime: formatCurrentTime(KGCore.instance().getCurrentProject(), position)
       });
     },
 
@@ -1457,6 +1472,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
 
         // Update the store state
         set({ bpm });
+        get().bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
 
         console.log(`Set BPM to ${bpm}`);
       } catch (error) {
@@ -1634,6 +1650,9 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
     bumpTrackAutomationRedrawVersion: () => {
       set(state => ({ trackAutomationRedrawVersion: state.trackAutomationRedrawVersion + 1 }));
     },
+    bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion: () => {
+      set(state => ({ audioWaveformRedrawVersion: state.audioWaveformRedrawVersion + 1 }));
+    },
 
     // Project state cleanup - used when starting new/loading projects
     cleanupProjectState: () => {
@@ -1650,6 +1669,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         activeTrackAutomationTrackId: null,
         activeTrackAutomationType: null,
         trackAutomationRedrawVersion: 0,
+        audioWaveformRedrawVersion: 0,
         recordingAudioPreviewPeaks: [],
         recordingAudioPreviewCurrentBeat: 0,
       });
@@ -1807,6 +1827,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         // Use centralized refresh method
         get().refreshProjectState();
         get().bumpTrackAutomationRedrawVersion();
+        get().bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
         console.log('Undo completed');
       }
     },
@@ -1817,6 +1838,7 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
         // Use centralized refresh method
         get().refreshProjectState();
         get().bumpTrackAutomationRedrawVersion();
+        get().bumpAudioWaveformRedrawVersion();
         console.log('Redo completed');
       }
     },
@@ -1841,13 +1863,14 @@ export const useProjectStore = create<ProjectState>((set, get) => {
       set({
         projectName: project.getName(),
         tracks: [...project.getTracks()] as KGTrack[], // Force new array reference - key for re-rendering!
-        globalTracks: [...project.getGlobalTracks()] as KGGlobalTrack[],
+        globalTracks: [...getProjectGlobalTracks(project)],
         maxBars: project.getMaxBars(),
         barWidthMultiplier: project.getBarWidthMultiplier(),
         timeSignature: project.getTimeSignature(),
         bpm: project.getBpm(),
         keySignature: project.getKeySignature(),
-        selectedMode: project.getSelectedMode()
+        selectedMode: project.getSelectedMode(),
+        currentTime: formatCurrentTime(project, core.getPlayheadPosition()),
       });
 
       // Sync CSS variables that affect layout

src/util/globalTrackUtil.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { KGProject } from '../core/KGProject';
+import { GlobalTrackType } from '../core/global-track';
+import { KGAudioRegion } from '../core/region/KGAudioRegion';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../core/region/KGTempoRegion';
+import { beatRangeToSeconds, beatToSeconds, getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats, getEffectiveBpmAtBeat, normalizeTempoRegionsForProject, secondsToBeat } from './globalTrackUtil';
+
+describe('globalTrackUtil tempo helpers', () => {
+  it('falls back to project bpm when no tempo regions exist', () => {
+    const project = new KGProject('Tempo', 8, 0, 120);
+    expect(getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, 6)).toBe(120);
+    expect(beatToSeconds(project, 4)).toBeCloseTo(2);
+  });
+
+  it('resolves effective bpm and time across tempo regions', () => {
+    const project = new KGProject('Tempo', 8, 0, 120);
+    const tempoTrack = project.getGlobalTracks().find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!tempoTrack) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo track missing');
+    }
+
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('a', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 2, 4),
+      new KGTempoRegion('b', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 60, 2, 6, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    expect(getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, 2)).toBe(120);
+    expect(getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project, 10)).toBe(60);
+    expect(beatToSeconds(project, 8)).toBeCloseTo(4);
+    expect(beatToSeconds(project, 12)).toBeCloseTo(8);
+    expect(beatRangeToSeconds(project, 8, 12)).toBeCloseTo(4);
+    expect(secondsToBeat(project, 8)).toBeCloseTo(12);
+  });
+
+  it('normalizes trailing tempo coverage when song length grows and shrinks', () => {
+    const project = new KGProject('Tempo', 8, 0, 120);
+    const tempoTrack = project.getGlobalTracks().find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!tempoTrack) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo track missing');
+    }
+
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('a', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 4, 4),
+      new KGTempoRegion('b', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 140, 4, 4, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    project.setMaxBars(10);
+    normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(project);
+    let regions = tempoTrack.getRegions() as KGTempoRegion[];
+    expect(regions[1].getEndBar()).toBe(10);
+
+    project.setMaxBars(6);
+    normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(project);
+    regions = tempoTrack.getRegions() as KGTempoRegion[];
+    expect(regions).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(regions[1].getStartBar()).toBe(4);
+    expect(regions[1].getEndBar()).toBe(6);
+  });
+
+  it('projects audio duration through the tempo map for display length', () => {
+    const project = new KGProject('Tempo', 16, 0, 120);
+    const tempoTrack = project.getGlobalTracks().find(track => track.getType() === GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+    if (!tempoTrack) {
+      throw new Error('Tempo track missing');
+    }
+
+    tempoTrack.setRegions([
+      new KGTempoRegion('a', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 120, 0, 4, 4),
+      new KGTempoRegion('b', tempoTrack.getId(), tempoTrack.getTrackIndex(), 60, 4, 12, 4),
+    ]);
+
+    const region = new KGAudioRegion('audio', 'track-1', 0, 'Audio', 0, 48, 'file', 'file.wav', 24, 0);
+    expect(getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats(project, region)).toBeCloseTo(32);
+  });
+});

src/util/globalTrackUtil.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import {
 } from '../core/global-track';
 import { KGGlobalRegion } from '../core/region/KGGlobalRegion';
 import { KGKeySignatureRegion } from '../core/region/KGKeySignatureRegion';
+import { KGAudioRegion } from '../core/region/KGAudioRegion';
+import { KGTempoRegion } from '../core/region/KGTempoRegion';
 
 export const DEFAULT_MARKER_REGION_NAME = 'Marker';
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ export function getSongEndBeat(project: KGProject): number {
 }
 
 export function findGlobalTrackByType(project: KGProject, type: GlobalTrackType): KGGlobalTrack | null {
-  return project.getGlobalTracks().find(track => track.getType() === type) ?? null;
+  return project.getGlobalTracks?.().find(track => track.getType() === type) ?? null;
 }
 
 export function findGlobalTrackContainingRegion(
@@ -90,6 +92,29 @@ export function getSongEndBar(project: KGProject): number {
   return project.getMaxBars();
 }
 
+export function getSortedTempoRegions(track: KGGlobalTrack, beatsPerBar: number): KGTempoRegion[] {
+  return track.getRegions()
+    .filter((region): region is KGTempoRegion => region instanceof KGTempoRegion)
+    .map((region) => {
+      region.syncBarsFromBeats(beatsPerBar);
+      region.syncBeatsFromBars(beatsPerBar);
+      return region;
+    })
+    .sort((left, right) => left.getStartBar() - right.getStartBar());
+}
+
+export function cloneTempoRegions(regions: KGTempoRegion[], beatsPerBar: number): KGTempoRegion[] {
+  return regions.map(region => new KGTempoRegion(
+    region.getId(),
+    region.getTrackId(),
+    region.getTrackIndex(),
+    region.getBpm(),
+    region.getStartBar(),
+    region.getLengthBars(),
+    beatsPerBar
+  ));
+}
+
 export function getSortedKeySignatureRegions(track: KGGlobalTrack, beatsPerBar: number): KGKeySignatureRegion[] {
   return track.getRegions()
     .filter((region): region is KGKeySignatureRegion => region instanceof KGKeySignatureRegion)
@@ -130,10 +155,192 @@ export function findKeySignatureRegionAtBeat(project: KGProject, beat: number):
   return findKeySignatureRegionAtBar(project, bar);
 }
 
+export function findTempoRegionAtBar(project: KGProject, bar: number): KGTempoRegion | null {
+  const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+  if (!track) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+  return getSortedTempoRegions(track, beatsPerBar)
+    .find(region => bar >= region.getStartBar() && bar < region.getEndBar()) ?? null;
+}
+
+export function findTempoRegionAtBeat(project: KGProject, beat: number): KGTempoRegion | null {
+  const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+  const bar = Math.floor(beat / beatsPerBar);
+  return findTempoRegionAtBar(project, bar);
+}
+
 export function getEffectiveKeySignatureAtBeat(project: KGProject, beat: number): KeySignature {
   return findKeySignatureRegionAtBeat(project, beat)?.getKeySignature() ?? project.getKeySignature();
 }
 
+export function getEffectiveBpmAtBar(project: KGProject, bar: number): number {
+  return findTempoRegionAtBar(project, bar)?.getBpm() ?? project.getBpm();
+}
+
+export function getEffectiveBpmAtBeat(project: KGProject, beat: number): number {
+  return findTempoRegionAtBeat(project, beat)?.getBpm() ?? project.getBpm();
+}
+
 export function getClampedKeySignatureRegionEndBar(region: KGKeySignatureRegion, maxBars: number): number {
   return Math.max(region.getStartBar(), Math.min(region.getEndBar(), maxBars));
 }
+
+export function getClampedTempoRegionEndBar(region: KGTempoRegion, maxBars: number): number {
+  return Math.max(region.getStartBar(), Math.min(region.getEndBar(), maxBars));
+}
+
+export function normalizeTempoRegionsForProject(project: KGProject): void {
+  const track = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+  if (!track) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const beatsPerBar = project.getTimeSignature().numerator;
+  const songEndBar = getSongEndBar(project);
+  const regions = getSortedTempoRegions(track, beatsPerBar);
+  if (regions.length === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const normalized: KGTempoRegion[] = [];
+  let currentBar = 0;
+
+  for (const region of regions) {
+    if (currentBar >= songEndBar) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    const startBar = Math.max(currentBar, region.getStartBar());
+    const endBar = Math.max(startBar + 1, Math.min(region.getEndBar(), songEndBar));
+    if (endBar <= startBar) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    normalized.push(new KGTempoRegion(
+      region.getId(),
+      track.getId(),
+      track.getTrackIndex(),
+      region.getBpm(),
+      startBar,
+      endBar - startBar,
+      beatsPerBar
+    ));
+    currentBar = endBar;
+  }
+
+  if (normalized.length === 0) {
+    track.setRegions([]);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const firstRegion = normalized[0];
+  if (firstRegion.getStartBar() > 0) {
+    firstRegion.setBarRange(0, firstRegion.getEndBar(), beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  const lastRegion = normalized[normalized.length - 1];
+  if (lastRegion.getEndBar() < songEndBar) {
+    lastRegion.setLengthBars(songEndBar - lastRegion.getStartBar(), beatsPerBar);
+  } else if (lastRegion.getEndBar() > songEndBar) {
+    lastRegion.setLengthBars(songEndBar - lastRegion.getStartBar(), beatsPerBar);
+  }
+
+  track.setRegions(normalized);
+}
+
+export function beatToSeconds(project: KGProject, beat: number): number {
+  const clampedBeat = Math.max(0, beat);
+  const timeSignature = project.getTimeSignature?.();
+  const beatsPerBar = timeSignature?.numerator ?? 4;
+  const tempoTrack = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+  if (!tempoTrack) {
+    return clampedBeat * 60 / project.getBpm();
+  }
+
+  const tempoRegions = getSortedTempoRegions(tempoTrack, beatsPerBar);
+  if (tempoRegions.length === 0) {
+    return clampedBeat * 60 / project.getBpm();
+  }
+
+  let seconds = 0;
+  let traversedBeat = 0;
+
+  for (const region of tempoRegions) {
+    const regionStartBeat = region.getStartBar() * beatsPerBar;
+    const regionEndBeat = region.getEndBar() * beatsPerBar;
+    const effectiveStartBeat = Math.max(traversedBeat, regionStartBeat);
+    if (clampedBeat <= effectiveStartBeat) {
+      return seconds;
+    }
+
+    const coveredEndBeat = Math.min(clampedBeat, regionEndBeat);
+    if (coveredEndBeat > effectiveStartBeat) {
+      seconds += (coveredEndBeat - effectiveStartBeat) * (60 / region.getBpm());
+    }
+
+    if (clampedBeat <= regionEndBeat) {
+      return seconds;
+    }
+
+    traversedBeat = regionEndBeat;
+  }
+
+  return seconds + Math.max(0, clampedBeat - traversedBeat) * (60 / project.getBpm());
+}
+
+export function beatRangeToSeconds(project: KGProject, startBeat: number, endBeat: number): number {
+  if (endBeat <= startBeat) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return beatToSeconds(project, endBeat) - beatToSeconds(project, startBeat);
+}
+
+export function secondsToBeat(project: KGProject, seconds: number): number {
+  const clampedSeconds = Math.max(0, seconds);
+  const timeSignature = project.getTimeSignature?.();
+  const beatsPerBar = timeSignature?.numerator ?? 4;
+  const tempoTrack = findGlobalTrackByType(project, GlobalTrackType.Tempo);
+  if (!tempoTrack) {
+    return clampedSeconds / (60 / project.getBpm());
+  }
+
+  const tempoRegions = getSortedTempoRegions(tempoTrack, beatsPerBar);
+  if (tempoRegions.length === 0) {
+    return clampedSeconds / (60 / project.getBpm());
+  }
+
+  let remainingSeconds = clampedSeconds;
+  let traversedBeat = 0;
+
+  for (const region of tempoRegions) {
+    const regionStartBeat = region.getStartBar() * beatsPerBar;
+    const regionEndBeat = region.getEndBar() * beatsPerBar;
+    const effectiveStartBeat = Math.max(traversedBeat, regionStartBeat);
+    const regionDurationSeconds = (regionEndBeat - effectiveStartBeat) * (60 / region.getBpm());
+
+    if (remainingSeconds <= regionDurationSeconds) {
+      return effectiveStartBeat + (remainingSeconds / (60 / region.getBpm()));
+    }
+
+    remainingSeconds -= regionDurationSeconds;
+    traversedBeat = regionEndBeat;
+  }
+
+  return traversedBeat + remainingSeconds / (60 / project.getBpm());
+}
+
+export function getAudioRegionDisplayLengthBeats(project: KGProject, region: KGAudioRegion): number {
+  if (!project.getTimeSignature?.() || !project.getBpm?.()) {
+    return region.getLength();
+  }
+
+  const startBeat = region.getStartFromBeat();
+  const beatBoundSeconds = beatRangeToSeconds(project, startBeat, startBeat + region.getLength());
+  const availableAudioSeconds = Math.max(0, region.getAudioDurationSeconds() - region.getClipStartOffsetSeconds());
+  const visibleSeconds = Math.min(beatBoundSeconds, availableAudioSeconds);
+  return Math.max(0, secondsToBeat(project, beatToSeconds(project, startBeat) + visibleSeconds) - startBeat);
+}