RecipesCam/docker/backend/src/server.ts

import { recipeFile } from './recipeFile';
import { sendVerificationMail } from './mailer';
import { placeName } from './place';
import Fastify, { type FastifyReply, type FastifyRequest } from 'fastify';
import { createHash, randomBytes } from 'node:crypto';
import { readFileSync, unlinkSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
import { basename } from 'node:path';
import {
  MAX_PHOTO_BYTES,
  MAX_PHOTOS_PER_USER,
  MAX_RECIPE_BYTES,
  SESSION_COOKIE,
  SESSION_MAX_AGE_S,
  DUMMY_HASH,
  countPhotos,
  createEmailVerification,
  createEvent,
  createPhoto,
  createRecipe,
  createSession,
  createUser,
  deleteAllPhotos,
  deletePhoto,
  deletePhotoOf,
  deleteRecipe,
  deleteSession,
  deleteUser,
  eventStats,
  findUserByEmail,
  findUserById,
  isPhotoSlot,
  listPhotos,
  listPhotosByUser,
  listPhotosWithOwner,
  listRecipes,
  listUsersWithCounts,
  replacePhoto,
  avatarPath,
  photoFile,
  photoFileOwned,
  photoPath,
  photoPreset,
  rateLook,
  ratingsFor,
  sessionUser,
  setPhotoSlots,
  setPhotoConsent,
  setUserAvatar,
  setUserBlocked,
  setUserPassword,
  setUserRemoved,
  topRatedPhotos,
  updateRecipe,
  updateUserEmail,
  userAvatar,
  verifyEmailToken,
  verifyPassword,
  type PhotoMeta,
  type Recipe,
  type User,
  type EventKind,
  type PhotoSlot,
} from './db';

const PORT = Number(process.env.PORT || 3000);
const HOST = '0.0.0.0';

const EMAIL_RE = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
const MAX_EMAIL = 254;
const MIN_PASSWORD = 8;
const MAX_PASSWORD = 200;
const MAX_NAME = 120;

// Comma-separated allowlist from the environment. An allowlist over a role
// column keeps the privilege out of the database entirely: no migration, and
// no endpoint that could ever elevate someone.
const ADMIN_EMAILS = new Set(
  (process.env.ADMIN_EMAILS ?? '')
    .split(',')
    .map((s) => s.trim().toLowerCase())
    .filter(Boolean),
);
const isAdmin = (user: User) => ADMIN_EMAILS.has(user.email.toLowerCase());

// What an account is worth. A signup proves nothing until the address it gave
// is confirmed, so an unverified account is a guest with a name: the PRO tier,
// its own listings and every write stay shut. Admins come from the
// deployment's own allowlist — trusted by construction, so no letter is needed
// and a broken relay cannot lock the operator out of their own site.
const isVerified = (user: User) => user.emailVerified === 1 || isAdmin(user);

// The public shape of an account. `admin` is the allowlist's answer, so the
// client can decide whether to offer /admin without a second round trip — and
// the server still enforces it on every admin route below.
// `verified` is the studio's PRO gate: true only for a proven address.
// `avatar` is a URL the client can drop straight into an <img>, or null when
// the account never picked a picture. The `v` is the stored file's own name, so
// the URL changes with the picture and can be cached hard.
const publicUser = (user: User) => ({
  id: user.id,
  email: user.email,
  admin: isAdmin(user),
  verified: isVerified(user),
  avatar: user.avatar ? `/api/users/${user.id}/avatar?v=${user.avatar.split('.')[0]}` : null,
});

const app = Fastify({
  logger: true,
  bodyLimit: 1024 * 1024,
  // The API is only reachable through nginx, so the forwarded headers are the
  // only source of truth for the original scheme (see the Secure cookie flag).
  trustProxy: true,
});

// Bodyless DELETE/logout requests still often carry Content-Type: application/json.
app.addContentTypeParser('application/json', { parseAs: 'string' }, (_req, body, done) => {
  const raw = (body as string).trim();
  if (raw === '') return done(null, undefined);
  try {
    done(null, JSON.parse(raw));
  } catch {
    done(Object.assign(new Error('invalid JSON body'), { statusCode: 400 }));
  }
});

// Photo uploads are the raw image bytes, not multipart: one file per request
// needs no boundary parsing, so no dependency and no parser attack surface.
app.addContentTypeParser(['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/webp'], { parseAs: 'buffer' }, (_req, body, done) => {
  done(null, body);
});

// ---- rate limiting --------------------------------------------------------
// Fixed window keyed on what the caller is trying to abuse — an email, or a
// user id — rather than an address: the API sits behind two proxies, so a
// request's source address is not something it can honestly trust, but the
// account being attacked cannot be rotated by the attacker.
// ponytail: in-memory, one container. Swap for @fastify/rate-limit + Redis if
// the API is ever scaled beyond that.
function limiter(max: number, windowMs: number) {
  const hits = new Map<string, { n: number; until: number }>();
  return (key: string): boolean => {
    const t = Date.now();
    if (hits.size > 5000) for (const [k, v] of hits) if (v.until <= t) hits.delete(k);
    const row = hits.get(key);
    if (!row || row.until <= t) {
      hits.set(key, { n: 1, until: t + windowMs });
      return true;
    }
    row.n += 1;
    return row.n <= max;
  };
}
const allowLogin = limiter(20, 15 * 60_000);
const allowSignup = limiter(5, 60 * 60_000);
const allowUpload = limiter(60, 60 * 60_000);
const tooMany = (reply: FastifyReply) =>
  reply.header('retry-after', '900').status(429).send({ error: 'too_many_requests' });

// ---- image sniffing -------------------------------------------------------
// The declared Content-Type is a claim; the first bytes are evidence. Both must
// agree, and only these three formats are accepted — SVG in particular is never
// accepted, because it is a script container that would run on our origin.
type ImageMime = 'image/jpeg' | 'image/png' | 'image/webp';
const PNG_MAGIC = Buffer.from([0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a]);

function sniffImage(buf: Buffer): ImageMime | null {
  if (buf.length >= 3 && buf[0] === 0xff && buf[1] === 0xd8 && buf[2] === 0xff) return 'image/jpeg';
  if (buf.length >= 8 && buf.subarray(0, 8).equals(PNG_MAGIC)) return 'image/png';
  if (buf.length >= 12 && buf.toString('ascii', 0, 4) === 'RIFF' && buf.toString('ascii', 8, 12) === 'WEBP')
    return 'image/webp';
  return null;
}
const EXT: Record<ImageMime, string> = { 'image/jpeg': 'jpg', 'image/png': 'png', 'image/webp': 'webp' };
const AVATAR_MIME: Record<string, ImageMime> = { jpg: 'image/jpeg', png: 'image/png', webp: 'image/webp' };

// Single error shape for the whole API: { error: "..." }
app.setErrorHandler((err, req, reply) => {
  const e = err as { statusCode?: number; message?: string };
  const status = e.statusCode && e.statusCode >= 400 ? e.statusCode : 500;
  if (status >= 500) req.log.error(err);
  reply.status(status).send({ error: status >= 500 ? 'internal_error' : (e.message ?? 'error') });
});
app.setNotFoundHandler((_req, reply) => reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' }));

// ---- cookie helpers (hand-rolled: only one cookie, no plugin needed) ----
function cookieOf(req: FastifyRequest, name: string): string | undefined {
  const raw = req.headers.cookie;
  if (!raw) return undefined;
  for (const part of raw.split(';')) {
    const eq = part.indexOf('=');
    if (eq === -1) continue;
    if (part.slice(0, eq).trim() === name) return part.slice(eq + 1).trim();
  }
  return undefined;
}

function setSession(req: FastifyRequest, reply: FastifyReply, token: string): void {
  // Secure only where the visitor actually arrived over TLS: nginx forwards the
  // original scheme, so the cookie is hardened in production without breaking
  // local http access to the same build.
  const secure = req.protocol === 'https' ? '; Secure' : '';
  reply.header(
    'set-cookie',
    `${SESSION_COOKIE}=${token}; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age=${SESSION_MAX_AGE_S}${secure}`,
  );
}

function clearSession(reply: FastifyReply): void {
  reply.header('set-cookie', `${SESSION_COOKIE}=; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age=0`);
}

// ---- validation at the trust boundary ----
type Json = Record<string, unknown>;

function bodyOf(req: FastifyRequest): Json | undefined {
  const b = req.body as unknown;
  return b !== null && typeof b === 'object' && !Array.isArray(b) ? (b as Json) : undefined;
}

function credentials(b: Json): { email: string; password: string } | string {
  const email = typeof b.email === 'string' ? b.email.trim().toLowerCase() : '';
  const password = typeof b.password === 'string' ? b.password : '';
  if (!email || email.length > MAX_EMAIL || !EMAIL_RE.test(email)) return 'invalid email';
  if (password.length < MIN_PASSWORD || password.length > MAX_PASSWORD)
    return `password must be ${MIN_PASSWORD}-${MAX_PASSWORD} characters`;
  return { email, password };
}

function recipePayload(b: Json): { name: string; recipe: Json } | string {
  const name = typeof b.name === 'string' ? b.name.trim() : '';
  const recipe = b.recipe;
  if (!name || name.length > MAX_NAME) return `name must be 1-${MAX_NAME} characters`;
  if (recipe === null || typeof recipe !== 'object' || Array.isArray(recipe)) return 'recipe must be an object';
  if (Buffer.byteLength(JSON.stringify(recipe)) > MAX_RECIPE_BYTES) return 'recipe too large';
  return { name, recipe: recipe as Json };
}

function auth(req: FastifyRequest): User | undefined {
  const token = cookieOf(req, SESSION_COOKIE);
  return token ? sessionUser(token) : undefined;
}

// The gate every personal route takes instead of `auth`. Two different
// refusals, because the studio acts on them differently: 401 sends a guest to
// the sign-in dialog, 403 asks a signed-in account to open its mail.
function requirePro(req: FastifyRequest, reply: FastifyReply): User | undefined {
  const user = auth(req);
  if (!user) {
    void reply.status(401).send({ error: 'unauthorized' });
    return undefined;
  }
  if (!isVerified(user)) {
    void reply.status(403).send({ error: 'email not verified' });
    return undefined;
  }
  return user;
}

// The verification link has to work from wherever the visitor actually
// arrived — the deployment's domain, an IP:port, localhost in development.
// nginx forwards the original Host and scheme, so the request already knows
// both; the header is a chain, and the first hop is the one the browser used.
function originOf(req: FastifyRequest): string {
  const first = (v: string | string[] | undefined) => (Array.isArray(v) ? v[0] : v)?.split(',')[0].trim();
  const host = first(req.headers['x-forwarded-host']) || req.headers.host || '';
  const proto = first(req.headers['x-forwarded-proto']) || req.protocol || 'http';
  return host ? `${proto}://${host}` : '';
}

// Mints the single live token and hands the link to the mailer. The URL is the
// API's own route, so a click needs no page of its own (see the redirect
// there). A relay that cannot send is not an error here: the link is in the
// log, and the account can ask again.
function sendVerification(req: FastifyRequest, user: User): void {
  const token = createEmailVerification(user.id);
  sendVerificationMail(user.email, `${originOf(req)}/api/auth/verify?token=${token}`, (msg) => req.log.info(msg));
}

// ---- analytics ------------------------------------------------------------
// The page counter. It stores nothing that identifies a visitor: the address
// becomes a salted hash (enough to count uniques) and a coarse place, then it
// is dropped. A full UA/GeoIP database would be a dependency for numbers nobody
// acts on at this size, so both readings stay deliberately plain.
const MAX_PATH = 120;
const MAX_TARGET = 60;
const isEventKind = (v: unknown): v is EventKind => v === 'view' || v === 'click';

// The address the visitor actually used. nginx (and the proxy in front of it)
// append to X-Forwarded-For, so the left-most entry is the client; `req.ip` is
// the fallback for a direct call.
function clientIp(req: FastifyRequest): string {
  const chain = req.headers['x-forwarded-for'];
  const raw = Array.isArray(chain) ? chain[0] : chain;
  return raw?.split(',')[0]?.trim() || req.ip || '';
}

const STATS_SALT = process.env.STATS_SALT ?? 'recipescam-analytics';
const visitorOf = (ip: string) => createHash('sha256').update(`${STATS_SALT}:${ip}`).digest('hex').slice(0, 16);

// Family + major version, the OS, and the form factor. Order matters: Edge and
// Opera also claim Chrome, and Safari claims nothing else.
const BROWSERS: [string, RegExp][] = [
  ['Edge', /Edg\/(\d+)/],
  ['Opera', /OPR\/(\d+)/],
  ['Samsung Internet', /SamsungBrowser\/(\d+)/],
  ['Firefox', /Firefox\/(\d+)/],
  ['Chrome', /Chrome\/(\d+)/],
  // Safari's own token comes last and may sit past "Mobile/…", which is why the
  // gap between the version and the name is not just digits.
  ['Safari', /Version\/(\d+)[^)]* Safari/],
];
const SYSTEMS: [string, RegExp][] = [
  ['Windows', /Windows NT/],
  ['Android', /Android/],
  ['iOS', /iPhone|iPad|iPod/],
  ['macOS', /Mac OS X/],
  ['Linux', /Linux|X11/],
];

function parseUa(ua: string): { browser: string | null; os: string | null; device: string } {
  const u = ua.toLowerCase();
  // Crawlers and headless browsers never count as traffic: a bot that runs the
  // beacon would otherwise land in the stats page as a visitor — see the guard
  // in /api/events and the `device <> 'bot'` filter on every stats query.
  // No UA at all is a script, not a browser: every real one sends a string.
  const device = !u.trim() || /bot|crawler|spider|crawl|slurp|headless|puppeteer|playwright|phantomjs|lighthouse|httpclient|curl|wget|python-requests/.test(u)
    ? 'bot'
    : /ipad|tablet|android(?!.*mobile)/.test(u)
      ? 'tablet'
      : /mobi|iphone|ipod|android/.test(u)
        ? 'mobile'
        : 'desktop';
  const match = (table: [string, RegExp][]) => {
    for (const [name, re] of table) {
      const m = re.exec(ua);
      // Some patterns carry a version group, some only name the family.
      if (m) return m[1] ? `${name} ${m[1]}` : name;
    }
    return null;
  };
  return { browser: match(BROWSERS), os: match(SYSTEMS), device };
}

interface GeoPlace {
  country: string;
  region: string;
  city: string;
}

// Resolved at insert, cached per address. ip-api's free endpoint needs no key;
// when it is unreachable or rate-limited the row keeps a null place and the
// stats page shows "unknown" rather than failing the request.
const geoCache = new Map<string, GeoPlace | null>();
const PRIVATE_IP = /^(10\.|127\.|192\.168\.|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.|::1|f[cd]|localhost)/i;

async function lookupGeo(ip: string): Promise<GeoPlace | null> {
  if (!ip || PRIVATE_IP.test(ip)) return null;
  const hit = geoCache.get(ip);
  if (hit !== undefined) return hit;
  if (geoCache.size > 2000) geoCache.clear();
  let place: GeoPlace | null = null;
  try {
    const res = await fetch(
      `http://ip-api.com/json/${encodeURIComponent(ip)}?fields=status,country,regionName,city`,
      { signal: AbortSignal.timeout(1500) },
    );
    const b = (await res.json()) as { status?: string; country?: string; regionName?: string; city?: string };
    if (b.status === 'success') place = { country: b.country ?? '', region: b.regionName ?? '', city: b.city ?? '' };
  } catch {
    // Offline, blocked or rate-limited: a missing place, not a failed visit.
  }
  geoCache.set(ip, place);
  return place;
}

// ---- routes ----
app.get('/api/health', async () => ({ ok: true }));

// The counter's one write. Public and unauthenticated by design: it is fired by
// a beacon from every page, so it must never be a way to probe who is signed in
// — it answers 204 whatever happens and echoes nothing back.
const allowTrack = limiter(300, 60_000);
app.post('/api/events', async (req, reply) => {
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  const ip = clientIp(req);
  if (!b || !isEventKind(b.kind) || !allowTrack(ip || 'unknown')) return reply.status(204).send();
  const text = (v: unknown, max: number) => (typeof v === 'string' ? v.trim().slice(0, max) : '');
  const ua = parseUa(typeof req.headers['user-agent'] === 'string' ? req.headers['user-agent'] : '');
  // A bot's visit is not traffic: it is answered, never stored, and never
  // looked up against the geo service either. The stats queries filter `bot`
  // out as well, so rows written before this guard stay out of the numbers.
  if (ua.device === 'bot') return reply.status(204).send();
  const geo = await lookupGeo(ip);
  createEvent({
    kind: b.kind,
    path: text(b.path, MAX_PATH) || '/',
    target: text(b.target, MAX_TARGET) || null,
    visitor: visitorOf(ip || 'unknown'),
    userId: auth(req)?.id ?? null,
    country: geo?.country || null,
    region: geo?.region || null,
    city: geo?.city || null,
    browser: ua.browser,
    os: ua.os,
    device: ua.device,
  });
  return reply.status(204).send();
});

// The film strip's ratings. Public and unauthenticated for the same reason the
// counter is: any visitor may score a frame once, and the vote is held against
// the salted-address hash rather than an account. The subject is a photo id or
// a built-in look's tag, so both kinds of frame are rated through one route.
const allowRate = limiter(120, 60_000);
const RATING_KEY = /^[A-Za-z0-9:_-]{1,64}$/;

app.get('/api/ratings', async (req) => ({ ratings: ratingsFor(visitorOf(clientIp(req) || 'unknown')) }));

app.post('/api/ratings', async (req, reply) => {
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  const ip = clientIp(req);
  const key = typeof b?.key === 'string' ? b.key.trim() : '';
  const stars = Math.round(Number(b?.stars));
  if (!RATING_KEY.test(key) || !Number.isFinite(stars) || stars < 1 || stars > 5)
    return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid rating' });
  if (!allowRate(ip || 'unknown')) return tooMany(reply);
  const visitor = visitorOf(ip || 'unknown');
  rateLook(key, visitor, stars);
  return reply.status(200).send({ key, rating: ratingsFor(visitor)[key] });
});

// The landing hero's award column: the day's best-rated contribution and the
// week's, read off the same votes the strip casts — a window instead of a
// lifetime. The windows are the server's clock in UTC, so every visitor and
// every cache agrees on which frame is today's; the week starts on Monday, the
// ISO week the page's own copy implies. Public like the tally it is drawn from.
const HIGHLIGHT_LIMIT = 5;
app.get('/api/highlights', async () => {
  const now = new Date();
  const midnight = Date.UTC(now.getUTCFullYear(), now.getUTCMonth(), now.getUTCDate());
  const monday = midnight - ((new Date(midnight).getUTCDay() + 6) % 7) * 86_400_000;
  return {
    highlights: {
      day: topRatedPhotos(new Date(midnight).toISOString(), HIGHLIGHT_LIMIT),
      week: topRatedPhotos(new Date(monday).toISOString(), HIGHLIGHT_LIMIT),
    },
  };
});

app.post('/api/auth/signup', async (req, reply) => {
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  if (!b) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
  const creds = credentials(b);
  if (typeof creds === 'string') return reply.status(400).send({ error: creds });
  if (!allowSignup(creds.email)) return tooMany(reply);
  if (findUserByEmail(creds.email)) return reply.status(409).send({ error: 'email already registered' });
  const user = createUser(creds.email, creds.password);
  if (!user) return reply.status(409).send({ error: 'email already registered' });
  // The session is granted anyway. An unverified account is served at the guest
  // tier, but it is a guest that can see the banner saying so and ask for its
  // link again — which needs to be somebody.
  sendVerification(req, user);
  setSession(req, reply, createSession(user.id));
  return reply.status(201).send({ user: publicUser(user) });
});

// Where the mail link lands. A plain GET, no session required: the visitor may
// well open it in another browser, or on the phone that owns the address. It
// answers with a redirect rather than JSON for the same reason — the landing
// page is what a browser should show. A bad or expired token is not an error
// page, it is the same page saying the link did not work.
app.get('/api/auth/verify', async (req, reply) => {
  const raw = (req.query as { token?: unknown } | undefined)?.token;
  const userId = typeof raw === 'string' && raw.length <= 128 ? verifyEmailToken(raw) : null;
  return reply.redirect(`${originOf(req)}/?verified=${userId ? 1 : 0}`, 303);
});

// The banner's own button. Capped like signup and keyed on the address, so the
// route is not a way to mail a stranger repeatedly.
const allowResend = limiter(3, 60 * 60_000);

app.post('/api/auth/resend-verification', async (req, reply) => {
  // `auth`, not `requirePro`: the whole point of the route is the account that
  // has not passed the gate yet.
  const user = auth(req);
  if (!user) return reply.status(401).send({ error: 'unauthorized' });
  if (isVerified(user)) return reply.status(200).send({ ok: true, verified: true });
  if (!allowResend(user.email)) return tooMany(reply);
  sendVerification(req, user);
  return reply.status(200).send({ ok: true });
});

app.post('/api/auth/login', async (req, reply) => {
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  if (!b || typeof b.email !== 'string' || typeof b.password !== 'string')
    return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
  const email = b.email.trim().toLowerCase();
  if (!allowLogin(email)) return tooMany(reply);
  const row = findUserByEmail(email);
  const ok = verifyPassword(b.password, row?.password_hash ?? DUMMY_HASH);
  if (!row || !ok) return reply.status(401).send({ error: 'invalid credentials' });
  // Moderation answers after the password check, so the state of an account is
  // not something an attacker can probe without its credentials.
  if (row.blocked) return reply.status(403).send({ error: 'account blocked' });
  if (row.deletedAt) return reply.status(403).send({ error: 'account removed' });
  setSession(req, reply, createSession(row.id));
  return reply.status(200).send({ user: publicUser(row) });
});

app.post('/api/auth/logout', async (req, reply) => {
  const token = cookieOf(req, SESSION_COOKIE);
  if (token) deleteSession(token);
  clearSession(reply);
  return reply.status(204).send();
});

app.get('/api/auth/me', async (req, reply) => {
  // Signed out is an answer, not an error: "who am I?" with no session is
  // nobody. A 401 here would put a console error on every anonymous visit to
  // the landing page, which asks the same question to decide what to offer.
  const user = auth(req);
  return reply.status(200).send({ user: user ? publicUser(user) : null });
});

// Profile: the signed-in account edits its own email or password. The current
// password is required either way, so a stolen cookie alone cannot lock the
// owner out — and the login limiter caps guesses at it.
app.patch('/api/auth/me', async (req, reply) => {
  // `auth`, not `requirePro`: editing your own profile is how an unverified
  // account fixes a mistyped address, so this route stays open to it.
  const user = auth(req);
  if (!user) return reply.status(401).send({ error: 'unauthorized' });
  if (!allowLogin(user.email)) return tooMany(reply);
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  if (!b) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
  const row = findUserByEmail(user.email);
  const current = typeof b.currentPassword === 'string' ? b.currentPassword : '';
  if (!row || !verifyPassword(current, row.password_hash))
    return reply.status(403).send({ error: 'invalid password' });

  let email = user.email;
  let emailVerified = user.emailVerified;
  if (b.email !== undefined) {
    const next = typeof b.email === 'string' ? b.email.trim().toLowerCase() : '';
    if (!next || next.length > MAX_EMAIL || !EMAIL_RE.test(next)) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid email' });
    if (next !== user.email) {
      if (!updateUserEmail(user.id, next)) return reply.status(409).send({ error: 'email already registered' });
      email = next;
      // The tier follows the address that earned it: a new one is unproven
      // until its own link is followed, so the flag goes back to 0 (the update
      // cleared the row) and a letter goes out.
      emailVerified = 0;
      sendVerification(req, { ...user, email });
    }
  }
  if (b.password !== undefined) {
    const password = typeof b.password === 'string' ? b.password : '';
    if (password.length < MIN_PASSWORD || password.length > MAX_PASSWORD)
      return reply.status(400).send({ error: `password must be ${MIN_PASSWORD}-${MAX_PASSWORD} characters` });
    setUserPassword(user.id, password);
  }
  return reply.status(200).send({ user: publicUser({ ...user, email, emailVerified }) });
});

app.get('/api/recipes', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  return reply.status(200).send({ recipes: listRecipes(user.id) });
});

app.post('/api/recipes', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  const payload = b && recipePayload(b);
  if (typeof payload === 'string' || !payload)
    return reply.status(payload === 'recipe too large' ? 413 : 400).send({ error: payload ?? 'invalid body' });
  const recipe: Recipe = createRecipe(user.id, payload.name, payload.recipe);
  return reply.status(201).send({ recipe });
});

app.put<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/recipes/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'recipe not found' });
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  const payload = b && recipePayload(b);
  if (typeof payload === 'string' || !payload)
    return reply.status(payload === 'recipe too large' ? 413 : 400).send({ error: payload ?? 'invalid body' });
  const recipe = updateRecipe(user.id, id, payload.name, payload.recipe);
  if (!recipe) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'recipe not found' });
  return reply.status(200).send({ recipe });
});

app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/recipes/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'recipe not found' });
  if (!deleteRecipe(user.id, id)) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'recipe not found' });
  return reply.status(204).send();
});

// ---- contributed strip photos -------------------------------------------
// The frame's own labels ride the query string: the body is the raw image, so
// there is no JSON envelope to put them in. Capped and control-stripped here,
// because they are drawn and stored rather than trusted.
const META_MAX = { tag: 64, title: 120, meta: 160 } as const;
// The recipe travels as one URL-encoded query parameter beside the labels; this
// is the ceiling of what the studio can hand back (a real one is well under 1KB).
const RECIPE_PARAM_MAX = 3000;

function cleanMeta(value: unknown, max: number): string | null {
  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null;
  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
  const text = value.replace(/[\u0000-\u001f\u007f]/g, ' ').trim().slice(0, max);
  return text || null;
}

function photoMeta(req: FastifyRequest): PhotoMeta {
  const q = (req.query ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
  return {
    tag: cleanMeta(q.tag, META_MAX.tag),
    title: cleanMeta(q.title, META_MAX.title),
    meta: cleanMeta(q.meta, META_MAX.meta),
    // The look that made the pixels, so the studio can open the photo again.
    // It rides the query string like the labels do (the body is the raw image),
    // so it is capped here: a recipe this app writes is well under a kilobyte.
    recipe: parseRecipeParam(q.recipe),
    // Consent is the uploader's, and only an explicit false opts out.
    consent: q.consent !== '0',
  };
}

// Anything the studio could not read back as a recipe object is dropped, never
// stored half-parsed: the row must not carry a blob that breaks the folder.
function parseRecipeParam(raw: unknown): unknown {
  if (typeof raw !== 'string' || raw.length === 0) return undefined;
  if (raw.length > RECIPE_PARAM_MAX) return undefined;
  try {
    const value: unknown = JSON.parse(raw);
    return value && typeof value === 'object' ? value : undefined;
  } catch {
    return undefined;
  }
}

// Anyone may read the strip; only a signed-in account may add to it. The bytes
// are written under a server-generated name, so a caller's own filename never
// reaches the filesystem, and the row is the only place the real mime lives.
app.get('/api/photos', async () => ({ photos: listPhotos() }));

// The caller's own folder — the count the studio's SAVE PHOTO shows comes from
// here, and the admin drill-down reads the same rows through /admin/photos.
app.get('/api/photos/mine', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  return reply.status(200).send({ photos: listPhotosByUser(user.id) });
});

// The name of a coordinate, for the stamp. A browser cannot ask the OS the way
// the phone app does, so the lookup happens here — which is also why it is a
// pro route: every miss takes a call out to the public geocoder.
app.get('/api/place', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const q = req.query as { lat?: string; lng?: string };
  const lat = Number(q.lat);
  const lng = Number(q.lng);
  if (!Number.isFinite(lat) || !Number.isFinite(lng) || Math.abs(lat) > 90 || Math.abs(lng) > 180)
    return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid coordinates' });
  return reply.status(200).send({ place: await placeName(lat, lng) });
});

app.post('/api/photos', { bodyLimit: MAX_PHOTO_BYTES + 8192 }, async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  if (!allowUpload(String(user.id))) return tooMany(reply);

  const body = req.body;
  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(body) || body.length === 0) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
  if (body.length > MAX_PHOTO_BYTES) return reply.status(413).send({ error: 'photo too large' });

  const declared = (req.headers['content-type'] ?? '').split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase();
  const mime = sniffImage(body);
  if (!mime || mime !== declared) return reply.status(415).send({ error: 'unsupported image type' });

  // The quota is a fair-use cap on members, not on the curator.
  if (!isAdmin(user) && countPhotos(user.id) >= MAX_PHOTOS_PER_USER)
    return reply.status(429).send({ error: 'photo quota reached' });

  const file = `${randomBytes(16).toString('hex')}.${EXT[mime]}`;
  writeFileSync(photoPath(file), body, { flag: 'wx' });
  const photo = createPhoto(user.id, file, mime, body.length, photoMeta(req));
  return reply.status(201).send({ photo });
});

// Re-saving one of the caller's own photos: the same bytes-in, meta-on-the-
// query shape as the upload, but it lands on the row they named instead of
// making a new one. The pixels it displaces are gone for good, so the look they
// carried steps into the row's history (see replacePhoto) and the old file is
// unlinked. Owner only — the user_id in the WHERE is the authorisation.
app.put<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
  '/api/photos/:id',
  { bodyLimit: MAX_PHOTO_BYTES + 8192 },
  async (req, reply) => {
    const user = requirePro(req, reply);
    if (!user) return;
    const id = Number(req.params.id);
    if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
    if (!allowUpload(String(user.id))) return tooMany(reply);

    const body = req.body;
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(body) || body.length === 0) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
    if (body.length > MAX_PHOTO_BYTES) return reply.status(413).send({ error: 'photo too large' });

    const declared = (req.headers['content-type'] ?? '').split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase();
    const mime = sniffImage(body);
    if (!mime || mime !== declared) return reply.status(415).send({ error: 'unsupported image type' });

    const previous = photoFile(id);
    const file = `${randomBytes(16).toString('hex')}.${EXT[mime]}`;
    writeFileSync(photoPath(file), body, { flag: 'wx' });
    const photo = replacePhoto(user.id, id, file, mime, body.length, photoMeta(req));
    if (!photo) {
      unlink(file);
      return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
    }
    if (previous && previous.file !== file) unlink(previous.file);
    return reply.status(200).send({ photo });
  },
);

// A profile picture is the same deal as a photo: raw bytes, sniffed, written
// under a server-generated name. The picture it replaces goes with it.
app.post('/api/auth/avatar', { bodyLimit: MAX_PHOTO_BYTES + 8192 }, async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  if (!allowUpload(String(user.id))) return tooMany(reply);

  const body = req.body;
  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(body) || body.length === 0) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
  if (body.length > MAX_PHOTO_BYTES) return reply.status(413).send({ error: 'photo too large' });

  const declared = (req.headers['content-type'] ?? '').split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase();
  const mime = sniffImage(body);
  if (!mime || mime !== declared) return reply.status(415).send({ error: 'unsupported image type' });

  const file = `${randomBytes(16).toString('hex')}.${EXT[mime]}`;
  writeFileSync(avatarPath(file), body, { flag: 'wx' });
  const previous = setUserAvatar(user.id, file);
  if (previous) unlinkAvatar(previous);
  return reply.status(200).send({ user: publicUser({ ...user, avatar: file }) });
});

// Public on purpose: an avatar sits next to a name on the landing page, so
// there is nothing here a session would protect.
app.get<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/users/:id/avatar', async (req, reply) => {
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  const file = userAvatar(id);
  const type = file ? AVATAR_MIME[file.split('.').pop() ?? ''] : undefined;
  if (!file || !type) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  let data: Buffer;
  try {
    data = readFileSync(avatarPath(file));
  } catch {
    return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  }
  // The URL carries the file's own name as a version, so it can never go stale.
  return reply
    .header('content-type', type)
    .header('cache-control', 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable')
    .send(data);
});

app.get<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/photos/:id/file', async (req, reply) => {
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  const row = photoFile(id);
  // The column is server-generated, but re-check it on the way out: a single
  // path segment is the only thing that can ever be opened.
  if (!row || basename(row.file) !== row.file) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  let data: Buffer;
  try {
    data = readFileSync(photoPath(row.file));
  } catch {
    return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  }
  return reply
    .header('content-type', row.mime)
    .header('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff')
    // Belt and braces on top of the mime allowlist: even a hostile still cannot
    // act as a document on this origin.
    .header('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'; sandbox")
    // Short, not immutable: an admin deleting a contribution has to be able to
    // take it off the web, and a cached copy would outlive the removal.
    .header('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60')
    .send(data);
});

// The editable base behind a saved render: the pixels as they went INTO the
// look, before the frame, the grade and the stamp were applied. `/file` is what
// the folder and the landing strip show — the finished frame — and this is the
// layer underneath it. The studio loads it when a saved photo is opened again,
// so the stored look lands on the original instead of a second time on its own
// output (which doubled the frame and stacked the grade). Owner only: the
// render may be public on the strip, the base never is.
app.put<{ Params: { id: string } }>(
  '/api/photos/:id/base',
  { bodyLimit: MAX_PHOTO_BYTES + 8192 },
  async (req, reply) => {
    const user = requirePro(req, reply);
    if (!user) return;
    if (!allowUpload(String(user.id))) return tooMany(reply);
    const id = Number(req.params.id);
    if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
    const row = photoFileOwned(user.id, id);
    if (!row) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });

    const body = req.body;
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(body) || body.length === 0) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
    if (body.length > MAX_PHOTO_BYTES) return reply.status(413).send({ error: 'photo too large' });

    const declared = (req.headers['content-type'] ?? '').split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase();
    const mime = sniffImage(body);
    if (!mime || mime !== declared) return reply.status(415).send({ error: 'unsupported image type' });

    // One base per photo, beside the render and overwritten in place by a
    // re-save: a replace throws the old file away, and `unlink` takes this
    // with it.
    writeFileSync(photoPath(`${row.file}.b`), body);
    return reply.status(204).send();
  },
);

app.get<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/photos/:id/base', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  const row = photoFileOwned(user.id, id);
  if (!row || basename(row.file) !== row.file) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  let data: Buffer;
  let mime: ReturnType<typeof sniffImage> = null;
  try {
    data = readFileSync(photoPath(`${row.file}.b`));
    mime = sniffImage(data);
  } catch {
    return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  }
  // A row saved before the base existed has no `.b` beside it, and the studio
  // falls back to the render (the old, look-already-baked behaviour).
  if (!mime) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  return reply
    .header('content-type', mime)
    .header('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff')
    .header('cache-control', 'private, max-age=60')
    .send(data);
});

// The QR card's payload: the `.recipe` file the app reads back on IMPORT, built
// from the look the photo was uploaded with. Public like the strip, but only
// for a row the curator ticked into the `qr` section — that checkbox is the
// whole permission. Everything else is a 404 rather than a 403, so the route
// cannot be used to probe which photos carry a look.
app.get<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/photos/:id/preset.recipe', async (req, reply) => {
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  const row = photoPreset(id);
  if (!row || row.recipe === null || !row.slots.includes('qr')) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
  return reply
    .header('content-type', 'application/xml; charset=utf-8')
    .header('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff')
    .header('content-disposition', `attachment; filename="recipescam-${id}.recipe"`)
    .header('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60')
    .send(recipeFile(row.recipe));
});

// The uploader's own permission switch: may this photo show on the landing
// strip? Only the owner may flip it (an admin curates the slot, not the
// consent), and only their own row is reachable — the user_id in the WHERE is
// the authorisation.
app.patch<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/photos/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  const body = (req.body ?? {}) as { consent?: unknown };
  if (typeof body.consent !== 'boolean') return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid consent' });
  if (!setPhotoConsent(user.id, id, body.consent)) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  return reply.status(200).send({ id, consent: body.consent });
});

// Removing one of your own photos. An admin may remove anyone's from here too,
// so the folder and the moderation screen share one route. The row is only
// dropped when the caller owns it (or curates the whole strip), and the file
// goes with it — `deletePhotoOf` / `deletePhoto` return the name to unlink.
app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/photos/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = requirePro(req, reply);
  if (!user) return;
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  const file = isAdmin(user) ? deletePhoto(id) : deletePhotoOf(user.id, id);
  if (!file) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  unlink(file);
  return reply.status(204).send();
});

// ---- admin ---------------------------------------------------------------
// Moderation only: the allowlist can list everything and clean up. There is
// deliberately no endpoint here that grants the privilege itself.
function admin(req: FastifyRequest): User | { status: number } {
  const user = auth(req);
  if (!user) return { status: 401 };
  if (!isAdmin(user)) return { status: 403 };
  return user;
}

function unlink(file: string): void {
  // The editable base lives beside the render as `<file>.b`; the row is gone,
  // so it goes too.
  for (const name of [file, `${file}.b`]) {
    try {
      unlinkSync(photoPath(name));
    } catch {
      // Already gone; the row is what matters.
    }
  }
}

function unlinkAvatar(file: string): void {
  try {
    unlinkSync(avatarPath(file));
  } catch {
    // Already gone; the row is what matters.
  }
}

// Accounts and how much each one has contributed — the "who is this" half of
// moderation. `admin` is the allowlist's answer, not a stored column.
app.get('/api/admin/users', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  return reply.status(200).send({
    users: listUsersWithCounts().map((u) => ({
      ...u,
      avatar: u.avatar ? `/api/users/${u.id}/avatar?v=${u.avatar.split('.')[0]}` : null,
      admin: ADMIN_EMAILS.has(u.email),
      blocked: !!u.blocked,
      removed: !!u.deletedAt,
    })),
  });
});

// Moderation of an account. `blocked` stops it signing in; `removed` takes it
// (and its photos) off the site while staying restorable. Both are reversible,
// which is why they share one route — the hard delete is the DELETE below.
// An allowlisted account is never a target: the allowlist is the only source of
// admin privilege, so this also makes "delete yourself" impossible.
function moderatable(reply: FastifyReply, id: number): number | null {
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) {
    reply.status(404).send({ error: 'user not found' });
    return null;
  }
  const target = findUserById(id);
  if (!target) {
    reply.status(404).send({ error: 'user not found' });
    return null;
  }
  if (ADMIN_EMAILS.has(target.email.toLowerCase())) {
    reply.status(403).send({ error: 'cannot modify an admin account' });
    return null;
  }
  return id;
}

app.patch<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/admin/users/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  const id = moderatable(reply, Number(req.params.id));
  if (id === null) return reply;
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  if (!b) return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid body' });
  if (b.blocked !== undefined) {
    if (typeof b.blocked !== 'boolean') return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid blocked' });
    setUserBlocked(id, b.blocked);
  }
  if (b.removed !== undefined) {
    if (typeof b.removed !== 'boolean') return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid removed' });
    setUserRemoved(id, b.removed);
  }
  const row = listUsersWithCounts().find((u) => u.id === id);
  return reply.status(200).send({ user: { ...row, blocked: !!row?.blocked, removed: !!row?.deletedAt } });
});

app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/admin/users/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  const id = moderatable(reply, Number(req.params.id));
  if (id === null) return reply;
  const removed = deleteUser(id);
  if (!removed) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'user not found' });
  for (const file of removed.photos) unlink(file);
  if (removed.avatar) unlinkAvatar(removed.avatar);
  return reply.status(204).send();
});

app.get('/api/admin/photos', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  return reply.status(200).send({ photos: listPhotosWithOwner() });
});

// The traffic screen's one read: page views, feature clicks and how they break
// down by page, feature, place, browser, system and device. `days` is clamped
// rather than rejected — a bad range must not cost the whole page.
app.get('/api/admin/stats', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  const asked = Number((req.query as { days?: string }).days);
  const days = Number.isFinite(asked) ? Math.min(365, Math.max(1, Math.floor(asked))) : 30;
  return reply.status(200).send(eventStats(days));
});

app.delete<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/admin/photos/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  const file = deletePhoto(id);
  if (!file) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  unlink(file);
  return reply.status(204).send();
});

app.delete('/api/admin/photos', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  const files = deleteAllPhotos();
  for (const file of files) unlink(file);
  return reply.status(200).send({ removed: files.length });
});

// Curating: the landing sections this photo is allowed to appear in. A photo
// may sit in several at once — each section picks one of its own at random per
// visit, so several photos in one section rotate. An empty set takes it off
// the landing without deleting the row.
app.patch<{ Params: { id: string } }>('/api/admin/photos/:id', async (req, reply) => {
  const user = admin(req);
  if ('status' in user) return reply.status(user.status).send({ error: user.status === 401 ? 'unauthorized' : 'forbidden' });
  const id = Number(req.params.id);
  if (!Number.isInteger(id) || id <= 0) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  const b = bodyOf(req);
  const slots = b?.slots;
  if (!Array.isArray(slots) || !slots.every((s) => isPhotoSlot(s)))
    return reply.status(400).send({ error: 'invalid slots' });
  const set: PhotoSlot[] = [...new Set(slots as PhotoSlot[])];
  if (!setPhotoSlots(id, set)) return reply.status(404).send({ error: 'photo not found' });
  return reply.status(200).send({ id, slots: set });
});

app
  .listen({ port: PORT, host: HOST })
  .catch((err) => {
    app.log.error(err);
    process.exit(1);
  });