462 lines
22 KiB
TypeScript
462 lines
22 KiB
TypeScript
// RAW → JPEG on the client, so a camera's own file opens in the studio without
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// a DNG converter in the middle (see native_raw_processing_opfs_architecture.md).
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//
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// A RAW opens at the colour the camera chose for it. LibRaw is kept out of white
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// balance and tone (below) and knows nothing of the body's picture style, so the
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// develop is fitted to the one rendering the file does carry with it: the preview
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// the camera wrote inside it, which is the frame the photographer saw and the one
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// a desktop viewer shows. Develop the sensor, least-squares a 3x3 from a block
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// grid of each onto the other on the encoded values, fit what that 3x3 leaves a
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// cubic a channel, and develop the sensor through both (see previewMatch.ts).
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//
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// Measured against the camera's own 24MP JPEG of the A5100 frame this was
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// reported on, blocks of a 64x64 grid, dE00: 12.0 as the develop left it, 19.7
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// with no white balance at all, 6.6 matched to the file's own preview by the 3x3
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// alone and 4.4 through the 3x3 and the curve together. What neither reaches is
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// the camera's own sharpening, which no per-pixel transform holds.
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//
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// The fit is the only profile: a body-used-to-be table of six matrices fitted on
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// this develop was dropped, because a table fitted on one path stops matching the
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// moment the path changes under it — its rows no longer summed to 1 once the
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// highlight knee landed ahead of it, and every body that had one opened with a
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// cast the body that had none did not. Offline-fitted matrices age; the file's
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// own preview does not.
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//
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// Developing the sensor is also what keeps the highlights: 2.3% of the frame at
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// pure white against 3.3% in the preview itself, since the 8-bit preview threw
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// the headroom away and the develop still has it. The preview is therefore the
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// reference and the fallback, not the frame: it is what a file with no usable
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// preview (some DNG), or with sensor data that will not decode, opens as.
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//
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// The develop: LibRaw demosaics in its own worker; what comes back is linear camera data,
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// which this file turns into the sRGB the rest of the pipeline expects. The
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// settings below were checked against the preview a Sony ILME-FX30 writes into
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// its own ARW (the camera JPEG, read straight out of the file): the developed
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// frame and that preview agree to within 1% on both channel ratios, R/G 0.909
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// against 0.903 and B/G 0.603 against 0.606.
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// - noAutoScale + useCameraWb:false + noAutoBright + gamm [1,1] keep LibRaw out
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// of white balance and tone, so `cam_mul` and `rgb_cam` can be applied here
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// exactly once.
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// - halfSize:false: the frame opens at the sensor's own resolution — a 24MP
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// RAW develops to 24MP (6020x4024 on the GR, 6000x4000 on the Fuji), not to
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// the quarter the half-size demosaic reports. `userQual` 3 then demosaics
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// all of it. The develop was half-size until a GR's DNG opened at 3010x2012
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// against its own JPEG's 6000x4000: the quarter-size frame was the flag,
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// not the file. ponytail: costs ~4x the develop time and two full-size F16
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// surfaces; put the flag behind a "draft" toggle if a phone ever has to.
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//
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// The band loop exists because a single Float32 copy of the whole plane would be
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// ~100MB. Each band is decoded, normalised and drawn before the next is read.
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// ponytail: the develop itself is one full-resolution shader draw per band, on
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// the main thread (Skia is not available in the RAW worker). Move it to a worker
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// with an OffscreenCanvas if the develop ever blocks the UI visibly.
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import LibRaw from 'libraw-wasm';
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import { sensorWhite } from './sensorWhite';
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import { f32ToF16 } from './halfFloat';
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import { fitMatch, FLAT_TONE, MATCH_GRID, type Match, type Mat3 } from './previewMatch';
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import { Skia } from './skiaShim';
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// What `imageData()` returns for the settings below: 16-bit, 3 channels, black
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// level already gone — the post-process subtracts it whatever `noAutoScale`
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// says, which only holds back the white balance and the output scaling.
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//
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// Its white level is not `maximum` but the frame's own plateau, a factor of 1.89
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// to 2.00 out (see sensorWhite below). The gain carries that level, so the white
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// lands back on 1.0 — and on every body, not just the two that factor two was
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// fitted on: without it every frame opened a stop bright (the FX30's own JPEG has
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// 0.05% of pixels at pure white where the develop had 0.76%) and a body that sat
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// lower (X-Trans, 1.892) never even reached the highlight desaturation, which
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// starts at 0.95 of the sensor.
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const SETTINGS = {
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halfSize: false,
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outputBps: 16,
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outputColor: 0,
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noAutoScale: true,
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useCameraWb: false,
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noAutoBright: true,
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gamm: [1, 1] as [number, number],
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userQual: 3,
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highlight: 0,
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};
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// 16-bit samples, but everything below is [0,1] — Skia reads an F32 image as
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// already-normalised colour, and a raw 0..65535 plane comes back black.
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const SAMPLE_MAX = 65535;
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// Pixels per band, held under the point where the Float32 copy dominates the
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// memory the page is allowed to use.
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const BAND_PIXELS = 2_000_000;
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// Leaves the develop alone when the body has no fitted profile.
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const IDENTITY: Mat3 = [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1];
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const RAW_DEVELOP_SKSL = `
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uniform shader raw;
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uniform float gain; // 1 / the white level the frame itself ran out at
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uniform float4 mul; // cam_mul, green-normalised
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uniform float4 m0; // camera -> sRGB, the first three columns of rgb_cam
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uniform float4 m1;
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uniform float4 m2;
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uniform float4 crop; // (y offset of this band, 0, 0, 0)
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uniform float4 f0; // the per-file fit, on the encoded value (identity when
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uniform float4 f1; // the frame carries no preview to be fitted to)
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uniform float4 f2;
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uniform float4 t0; // what that fit then leaves a channel: one cubic a
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uniform float4 t1; // channel, r a b c d per float4 (flat when there is no fit)
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uniform float4 t2;
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// A 3x3 can only scale a channel; the gap to the camera is mostly a shape, and
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// this is that shape, read on the value the 3x3 left.
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float tone(float4 w, float x) {
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return clamp(w.x + x * (w.y + x * (w.z + x * w.w)), 0.0, 1.0);
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}
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float3 encode(float3 x) {
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x = clamp(x, 0.0, 1.0);
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return mix(x * 12.92, 1.055 * pow(x, float3(1.0 / 2.4)) - 0.055, step(float3(0.0031308), x));
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}
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half4 main(float2 pos) {
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float4 p = raw.eval(float2(pos.x, pos.y - crop.x));
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// The plane arrives with the black level already subtracted — it floors at 0,
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// not at color_data.black (measured on the FX30 ARW: the sensor mosaic floors
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// at 334, the plane at 0, a quarter of its red samples under the black level).
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// Subtracting it again drained red and blue — the two channels the gains lift
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// most — and dragged every frame towards green.
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float3 n = max(p.rgb * gain, 0.0); // the sensor's own levels, white level 1.0
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float3 lin = n * mul.rgb;
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// Only the floor there. A photo the sensor could not hold goes over the white
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// level in all three channels, and clipping them one by one before the WB gains
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// is what tints what is left of the highlight: green — the channel the gains are
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// normalised to — stops at 1.0 while red and blue, which need their 2.6x and
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// 1.6x, are already past it, so the blown area comes out magenta. Keep the
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// channel ratios through the matrix instead and let the overflow fade to white.
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float3 rgb = float3(dot(m0.xyz, lin), dot(m1.xyz, lin), dot(m2.xyz, lin));
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float mx = max(max(rgb.r, rgb.g), rgb.b);
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// A pixel that has run to the white level has no colour of its own left to keep,
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// and what the gains made of it is an artefact, not a colour: ease the pixel
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// towards the neutral of its own value as that point is approached. The clip to
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// read is the one the gains make, not only the sensor's own — the gains here are
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// 1.7x and 1.9x on red and blue, so a blown sky reaches the white level at 0.59 of
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// the raw range in those channels while the green, which the gains are
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// normalised to, only reaches it at 1.0. Read on the sensor's levels alone the
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// gate stayed shut across a whole blown sky and left the develop's magenta in it
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// (227,184,245 at the gate's own value against 245,245,245 read where the gains
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// put the clip, the camera's preview white at that block). Both are read, so a
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// body whose gains do not lift a channel keeps the sensor's own clip as its gate.
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// The matrix was fitted luma-preserving, so mx is the value to hold.
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float hi = max(max(n.r, n.g), n.b);
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hi = max(hi, max(max(lin.r, lin.g), lin.b));
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rgb = mix(rgb, float3(mx), smoothstep(0.99, 1.02, hi));
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// The overflow used to fade towards white — mix(rgb / mx, 1, 1 - 1 / mx) —
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// which put every pixel of a blown sky on exactly 1.0 and threw the two stops
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// the sensor held above white away with it: LIGHT's HIGHLIGHT row then had a
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// flat white to pull on and nothing to reveal. The white point is moved down
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// instead and the overflow squeezed back in under it by the doc's soft knee:
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//
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// y = T + over / (1 + 2S*over), over = mx - T, S = 1 / (2(1 - T))
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//
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// S is what puts 1.0 on the asymptote, so the sensor's own plateau — two white
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// levels up, see the gain above — lands at ~0.94 and the first stop over white
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// spends 0.85..0.94. Below T the frame is untouched and the curve leaves T with
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// the slope it arrived with (1), so there is no seam to mask; above it the frame
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// darkens, which is the one move no later pass can undo — which is the point,
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// and what the per-file fit below then measures the REST of the frame back from.
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//
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// ponytail: 4.7 stops of headroom now share ~5% of the ramp, and the develop
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// still leaves as an 8-bit JPEG. Give it a float16 output when RAW highlights
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// have to print rather than merely be seen.
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if (mx > 0.7) {
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float over = mx - 0.7;
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rgb *= (0.7 + over / (1.0 + over * 3.3333)) / mx;
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}
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float3 e = encode(rgb);
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// The file's own colour: the fit, in float, on the encoded value it was fitted
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// on — and the last step the frame leaves through. Not the 8-bit colour filter
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// this used to be painted through: the fit carries an exposure (the preview is
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// the reference, so matching its brightness is part of matching its colour).
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// No rolloff here either. The fit is fitted whole to the preview's own values,
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// and white is one of them, so it already maps the frame's white to the preview's
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// — while a divide by the row max is a white-preserving move the fit does not
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// need: every highlight came back at ~0.74 / 1.0 / 0.86, cyan, and not one cell
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// of the frame reached white on all three channels (0.0% against the preview's
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// 3.3%). Past the white level only the clamp is left, exactly as the develop
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// above lets its own overflow run.
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float3 q = clamp(float3(dot(f0.xyz, e), dot(f1.xyz, e), dot(f2.xyz, e)), 0.0, 1.0);
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// ...and then the curve, one cubic a channel, which is what carries the body's
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// own tone: a 3x3 can only scale, so the frame without it came back bright and
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// green in the shadows (dL +13.8 and green +0.128 at the bottom of the range,
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// dE00 6.6) instead of matching (dL +4.5, green +0.017, 4.4). The curve is
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// pinned at white, so a blown pixel still lands on white.
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return half4(half3(tone(t0, q.r), tone(t1, q.g), tone(t2, q.b)), 1.0);
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}
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`;
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// The extensions LibRaw is compiled for. Not `tif`: a TIFF in a camera folder is
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// as likely to be an export as a RAW.
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const RAW_EXT = [
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'arw', 'srf', 'sr2', 'cr2', 'cr3', 'crw', 'nef', 'nrw', 'dng', 'orf', 'raf',
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'rw2', 'pef', 'srw', 'raw', 'rwl', '3fr', 'fff', 'iiq', 'mos', 'mrw', 'x3f',
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];
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export const RAW_ACCEPT = RAW_EXT.map((e) => `.${e}`).join(',');
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export function isRawName(name: string): boolean {
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const ext = name.slice(name.lastIndexOf('.') + 1).toLowerCase();
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return name.includes('.') && RAW_EXT.includes(ext);
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}
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// The camera's own preview, when the file carries one: the colour reference to
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// fit against, and what the file opens as when the sensor does not decode.
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// ponytail: it is 1616x1080 on an A5100 and 1620x1080 on an FX30, so handing it
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// back is a 1.7MP frame — a print past it has to come off the develop, which is
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// what a fitted file already gives.
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async function cameraPreview(raw: LibRaw): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
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const thumb = await raw.thumbnailData().catch(() => undefined);
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if (thumb?.format !== 'jpeg' || !thumb.data?.length) return null;
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return new Uint8Array(thumb.data);
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}
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// Fast pure JS binary scanner to extract embedded JPEG preview from RAW files (ARW, NEF, CR2, CR3, DNG, RAF, RW2, ORF, PEF).
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// Runs in ~1-3ms without loading full file or initializing LibRaw WebAssembly.
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export function extractEmbeddedJpeg(buf: Uint8Array): Uint8Array | null {
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const len = buf.length;
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for (let i = 0; i < len - 4; i++) {
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if (buf[i] === 0xff && buf[i + 1] === 0xd8 && buf[i + 2] === 0xff) {
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// Found JPEG SOI marker
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let pos = i + 2;
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let eoiPos = -1;
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let valid = true;
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while (pos < len - 1) {
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if (buf[pos] !== 0xff) {
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pos++;
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continue;
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}
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const marker = buf[pos + 1];
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if (marker === 0x00 || (marker >= 0xd0 && marker <= 0xd7)) {
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pos += 2;
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continue;
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}
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if (marker === 0xd9) {
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eoiPos = pos + 2;
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break;
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}
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if (marker === 0xd8) {
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pos += 2;
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continue;
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}
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if (pos + 3 >= len) break;
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const segLen = (buf[pos + 2] << 8) | buf[pos + 3];
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if (segLen < 2) {
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valid = false;
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break;
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}
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if (marker === 0xda) {
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// Start of scan: entropy-coded data until EOI
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pos += 2 + segLen;
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while (pos < len - 1) {
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if (buf[pos] === 0xff) {
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const m = buf[pos + 1];
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if (m === 0xd9) {
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eoiPos = pos + 2;
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break;
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}
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if (m !== 0x00 && !(m >= 0xd0 && m <= 0xd7)) {
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break;
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}
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}
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pos++;
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}
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if (eoiPos !== -1) break;
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} else {
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pos += 2 + segLen;
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}
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}
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if (valid && eoiPos > i && (eoiPos - i) > 10000) {
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return buf.subarray(i, eoiPos);
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}
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}
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}
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return null;
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}
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// The preview on its own, for the catalogue: a folder of RAW files has to show
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// a tile per frame, and unpack_thumb is a seek and a copy where the develop
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// above is a full decode of every pixel at full resolution. No preview inside
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// the file means no tile — the row still lists the frame by name, and the
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// studio develops it the moment it is opened.
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export async function rawThumbnail(bytes: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
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const fast = extractEmbeddedJpeg(bytes);
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if (fast) return fast;
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const raw = new LibRaw();
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try {
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await raw.open(bytes as unknown as BufferSource, SETTINGS);
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return await cameraPreview(raw);
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} catch {
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return null;
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} finally {
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try {
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raw.dispose();
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} catch {}
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}
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}
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// MATCH_GRID x MATCH_GRID block colours of a frame, one byte per channel.
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function gridOf(image: any, n = MATCH_GRID): Uint8Array | null {
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const surface = Skia.Surface.MakeOffscreen(n, n) ?? Skia.Surface.Make(n, n);
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if (!surface) return null;
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const canvas = surface.getCanvas();
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// Cubic, not a linear tap: this is a 45x reduction and linear reads a handful
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// of source pixels per block — noise for the least squares to fit.
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canvas.drawImageRectCubic(
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image,
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Skia.XYWHRect(0, 0, image.width(), image.height()),
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Skia.XYWHRect(0, 0, n, n),
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1 / 3,
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1 / 3
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);
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surface.flush();
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const px = canvas.readPixels(0, 0, {
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width: n,
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height: n,
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colorType: Skia.ColorType.RGBA_8888,
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alphaType: Skia.AlphaType.Unpremul,
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colorSpace: Skia.ColorSpace.SRGB,
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}) as Uint8Array | null;
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surface.dispose();
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return px ? new Uint8Array(px.buffer, px.byteOffset, px.byteLength) : null;
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}
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// The same grid out of the preview, which the file carries as a JPEG. Decoded and
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// reduced through the same Skia call as the develop's own grid, because the two
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// grids are only comparable — and the fit only meaningful — when one resampler
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// made both. A 2D canvas here instead left the fit following its own smoothing:
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// on the A5100 frame the same develop scored dE00 4.7 against 4.4, and the dark
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// end of the frame came out 6 L further from the preview than the fit it was
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// handed asked for.
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function previewGrid(jpeg: Uint8Array, w: number, h: number, n = MATCH_GRID): Uint8Array | null {
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const bmp = Skia.Image.MakeImageFromEncoded(jpeg);
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if (!bmp) return null;
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try {
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// A preview of another shape is a crop of the frame, not the frame: fitting
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// against it lines the two grids up on different scenes and fits nothing.
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if (Math.abs(bmp.width() / bmp.height() / (w / h) - 1) > 0.02) return null;
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if (bmp.width() < n * 4) return null;
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return gridOf(bmp, n);
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} finally {
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bmp.delete();
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}
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}
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export async function developRaw(bytes: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> {
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const raw = new LibRaw();
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let preview: Uint8Array | null = null;
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try {
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// LibRaw copies the buffer it is handed, so the caller's bytes stay intact.
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await raw.open(bytes as unknown as BufferSource, SETTINGS);
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preview = await cameraPreview(raw);
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const meta = await raw.metadata(true);
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const img = await raw.imageData();
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const cd = meta?.color_data;
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if (!img || !cd?.cam_mul || !cd.rgb_cam) throw new Error('RAW has no colour data');
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const { width: w, height: h } = img;
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const data = img.data as Uint16Array;
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if (!w || !h) throw new Error('RAW decoded to nothing');
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const effect = Skia.RuntimeEffect.Make(RAW_DEVELOP_SKSL);
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if (!effect) throw new Error('develop shader failed to compile');
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const green = cd.cam_mul[1] || 1;
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const mul = cd.cam_mul.map((v) => v / green);
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const row = (i: number) => cd.rgb_cam[i].slice(0, 3);
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const [r0, r1, r2] = [row(0), row(1), row(2)];
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const bandH = Math.max(1, Math.min(h, Math.floor(BAND_PIXELS / w)));
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const f32 = new Float32Array(w * bandH * 4);
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// The band goes up as half, not float32: the GPU backend puts an F32 image
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// on the 1/255 grid and the shadows quantise to black (see halfFloat.ts).
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const half = new Uint16Array(w * bandH * 4);
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// Every uniform but the crop and the fit, which are the two the passes change:
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// the shader's own order is gain, mul, rgb_cam, crop, the fit, then the fit's
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// tone curve.
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const uniforms = new Float32Array(45);
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uniforms[0] = SAMPLE_MAX / sensorWhite(data, cd.maximum, cd.black);
|
|
uniforms.set([mul[0], mul[1], mul[2], 0, r0[0], r0[1], r0[2], 0, r1[0], r1[1], r1[2], 0, r2[0], r2[1], r2[2], 0], 1);
|
|
|
|
// One develop of the frame, band by band, through `fit` when there is one. A
|
|
// function because the frame is drawn twice: once on the sensor alone, to fit
|
|
// against the preview, and then again with the fit in the shader.
|
|
// ponytail: two full band passes, on the main thread. Give develop an F16
|
|
// intermediate (one develop, one colour pass) if the second pass ever shows.
|
|
const develop = (fit: Match | null) => {
|
|
const surface = Skia.Surface.MakeOffscreen(w, h) ?? Skia.Surface.Make(w, h);
|
|
if (!surface) return null;
|
|
const f = fit?.m ?? IDENTITY;
|
|
uniforms[21] = f[0]; uniforms[22] = f[1]; uniforms[23] = f[2]; uniforms[24] = 0;
|
|
uniforms[25] = f[3]; uniforms[26] = f[4]; uniforms[27] = f[5]; uniforms[28] = 0;
|
|
uniforms[29] = f[6]; uniforms[30] = f[7]; uniforms[31] = f[8]; uniforms[32] = 0;
|
|
uniforms.set(fit?.tone ?? FLAT_TONE, 33);
|
|
for (let y0 = 0; y0 < h; y0 += bandH) {
|
|
const rows = Math.min(bandH, h - y0);
|
|
let o = 0;
|
|
for (let i = y0 * w * 3, end = (y0 + rows) * w * 3; i < end; i += 3) {
|
|
f32[o++] = data[i] / SAMPLE_MAX;
|
|
f32[o++] = data[i + 1] / SAMPLE_MAX;
|
|
f32[o++] = data[i + 2] / SAMPLE_MAX;
|
|
f32[o++] = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
f32ToF16(f32, half, w * rows * 4);
|
|
const band = Skia.Image.MakeImage(
|
|
{ width: w, height: rows, colorType: Skia.ColorType.RGBA_F16, alphaType: Skia.AlphaType.Unpremul },
|
|
new Uint8Array(half.buffer, 0, w * rows * 8),
|
|
w * 8
|
|
);
|
|
if (!band) throw new Error('band image failed');
|
|
const child = band.makeShaderOptions(
|
|
Skia.TileMode.Clamp,
|
|
Skia.TileMode.Clamp,
|
|
Skia.FilterMode.Nearest,
|
|
Skia.MipmapMode.None
|
|
);
|
|
uniforms[17] = y0;
|
|
const shader = effect.makeShaderWithChildren(uniforms, [child]);
|
|
const paint = Skia.Paint();
|
|
paint.setShader(shader);
|
|
surface.getCanvas().drawRect(Skia.XYWHRect(0, y0, w, rows), paint);
|
|
surface.flush();
|
|
paint.delete();
|
|
shader.delete();
|
|
child.delete();
|
|
band.delete();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const shot = surface.makeImageSnapshot();
|
|
surface.dispose();
|
|
return shot;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// The file's own colour: a grid of the develop as it stands, the same grid out
|
|
// of the preview the camera wrote into the file, and the 3x3 and the curve
|
|
// between them — which the second develop then draws in the shader. No
|
|
// preview, no fit: the frame opens as the sensor left it.
|
|
const first = develop(null);
|
|
if (!first) throw new Error('no surface for the develop');
|
|
const blocks = preview ? gridOf(first) : null;
|
|
const ref = blocks ? previewGrid(preview as Uint8Array, first.width(), first.height()) : null;
|
|
const match = blocks && ref ? fitMatch(blocks, ref) : null;
|
|
const matched = match ? develop(match) : null;
|
|
const jpeg = (matched ?? first).encodeToBytes(Skia.ImageFormat.JPEG, 92);
|
|
(matched ?? first).dispose();
|
|
if (matched) first.dispose();
|
|
if (!jpeg?.length) throw new Error('develop produced no bytes');
|
|
return jpeg;
|
|
} catch (err) {
|
|
// The preview still opens the file when the sensor will not: a RAW whose
|
|
// colour data is missing (some DNG) is not a RAW that cannot be shown.
|
|
if (preview) return preview;
|
|
throw err;
|
|
} finally {
|
|
raw.dispose();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|