diff --git a/app/core/vst_engine.py b/app/core/vst_engine.py
index 702abaf..54089f0 100644
--- a/app/core/vst_engine.py
+++ b/app/core/vst_engine.py
@@ -5,6 +5,22 @@ import numpy as np
 import functools
 from ctypes import c_char_p
 
+
+def _ensure_fluidsynth_dll_on_path():
+    """Frozen (PyInstaller): pyfluidsynth tim dll qua ctypes.util.find_library
+    (chi quet PATH). Dat libfluidsynth-3.dll ke exe roi them exe_dir vao PATH
+    truoc khi import fluidsynth - nguoc lai: 'Couldn't find the FluidSynth
+    library' -> /soundfont-render tra 501."""
+    import sys
+    if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+        exe_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.executable))
+        if exe_dir and exe_dir not in os.environ.get('PATH', '').split(os.pathsep):
+            os.environ['PATH'] = exe_dir + os.pathsep + os.environ.get('PATH', '')
+
+
+_ensure_fluidsynth_dll_on_path()
+
+
 def midi_note_to_freq(note_number: int) -> float:
     return 440.0 * (2.0 ** ((note_number - 69) / 12.0))
 
diff --git a/engine.spec b/engine.spec
index 1215c88..40bd61b 100644
--- a/engine.spec
+++ b/engine.spec
@@ -90,8 +90,16 @@ _hidden = [
     'uvicorn.protocols.websockets',
     'uvicorn.protocols.websockets.auto',
     'pedalboard',
+    # C++ ExternalPlugin.h import pedalboard.midi_utils khi tao VST3Plugin
+    # (py::module_::import) - PyInstaller khong thay duoc import tu C++, phai
+    # khai bao hiddenimport thu cong (thieu -> "No module named
+    # 'pedalboard.midi_utils'" khi /midi-render).
+    'pedalboard.midi_utils',
     'soundfile',
     'sf2utils',
+    # pyfluidsynth (fluidsynth.py cffi) - render soundfont native cho
+    # /soundfont-render (browser client). Can libfluidsynth-3.dll ke exe.
+    'fluidsynth',
     'mido.backends.rtmidi',
 ] + _scipy_signal_hidden