feat: tách luồng âm instrument theo môi trường — docker dùng FluidSynthWASM, standalone dùng native pyfluidsynth (+Carla VSTi)

- runtime: detect()/capabilities() trả environment (docker|standalone)
- vst_engine: render_soundfont_midi_to_audio (pyfluidsynth native, event-stream, release tail)
- plugins: POST /soundfont-render — render MIDI notes -> WAV (auth, fallback default SF)
- frontend: SonicRuntime.environment + dataset.environment; app.jsx route preview/transport:
  standalone+SF -> soundfont-render WAV (playNativeSfNote/scheduleNativeSfItem),
  docker giữ WASM, VSTi standalone giữ Carla bridge

app/api/v1/plugins.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 from typing import Optional, Any
 from app.config import settings
-from app.core.vst_engine import PluginManager, HAS_PEDALBOARD, HAS_PYFLUIDSYNTH, apply_preset_to_plugin
+from app.core.vst_engine import PluginManager, HAS_PEDALBOARD, HAS_PYFLUIDSYNTH, apply_preset_to_plugin, render_soundfont_midi_to_audio
-from app.core.render_engine import PythonRenderEngine
+from app.core.render_engine import PythonRenderEngine, _find_sf2_path, _find_default_sf2
 from app.core.soundfont_inspector import SoundFontInspector
 from app.core.soundfont_converter import SoundFontConverter
 from app.core.soundfont_scanner import SoundFontAutoScanner
@@ -992,6 +992,73 @@ def _render_midi_notes_pedalboard(instrument_id: str, notes: list, bpm: float,
     return out_path, buf.shape[1] / float(sample_rate)
 
 
+class SoundfontRenderRequest(BaseModel):
+    """Render MIDI notes → WAV bằng soundfont THẬT qua native FluidSynth
+    (pyfluidsynth) — luồng âm instrument cho môi trường STANDALONE (xử lí
+    trực tiếp trên OS; docker dùng FluidSynthWASM ở client)."""
+    soundfont_id: Optional[str] = None
+    soundfont_path: Optional[str] = None
+    bank: int = 0
+    program: int = 0
+    notes: list = []
+    bpm: float = 120.0
+    sample_rate: int = 44100
+
+
+@router.post("/soundfont-render")
+async def soundfont_render(req: SoundfontRenderRequest, current_user: dict = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    """Preview/play MIDI notes bằng âm soundfont thật — native FluidSynth trên OS.
+
+    Khác FluidSynthWASM (docker): âm render server-side bằng pyfluidsynth, trả
+    WAV để client play. Dùng cho: preview/keyboard, play MIDI item khi chạy
+    transport ở môi trường standalone."""
+    enforce_password_changed(current_user)
+    if not req.notes:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Chưa có nốt nhạc để render")
+    if not HAS_PYFLUIDSYNTH:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=501, detail="pyfluidsynth không khả dụng — không render được soundfont native")
+    # Resolve path: soundfont_path → soundfont_id (upload/user dirs) → default
+    sf_path = (req.soundfont_path or "").strip()
+    if not sf_path and req.soundfont_id:
+        sf_path = _find_sf2_path(req.soundfont_id)
+    if not sf_path or not os.path.exists(sf_path):
+        sf_path = _find_default_sf2()
+    if not sf_path or not os.path.exists(sf_path):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="SoundFont không tìm thấy — hãy thêm soundfont vào Plugin Manager")
+    midi_events = [{
+        "note": int(n.get("pitch", 60)),
+        "start_beat": float(n.get("start_beat", 0)),
+        "duration_beats": float(n.get("duration_beats", 1)),
+        "velocity": int(float(n.get("velocity", 0.8)) * 127),
+    } for n in req.notes]
+    out_path = os.path.join(settings.PROCESSED_DIR, f"sf_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:10]}.wav")
+    try:
+        audio = render_soundfont_midi_to_audio(
+            midi_events, sf_path,
+            bank=req.bank, program=req.program,
+            sr=req.sample_rate, bpm=req.bpm,
+        )
+        sf.write(out_path, audio.T, req.sample_rate)
+        return {
+            "success": True,
+            "file_id": os.path.basename(out_path),
+            "url": f"/static/audio/processed/{os.path.basename(out_path)}",
+            "path": out_path,
+            "duration_sec": round(audio.shape[1] / float(req.sample_rate), 3),
+            "render_mode": "native-fluidsynth",
+            "soundfont": os.path.basename(sf_path),
+        }
+    except HTTPException:
+        raise
+    except Exception as e:
+        try:
+            if os.path.exists(out_path):
+                os.remove(out_path)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Render soundfont thất bại: {e}")
+
+
 class CarlaPlayNotesRequest(BaseModel):
     """Phát dãy MIDI notes qua Carla bridge (OSC, realtime) — preview khi
     pedalboard không render được plugin (VD VST2). Cần Carla đang chạy với

app/core/runtime.py

@@ -332,10 +332,12 @@ def detect() -> dict:
     platform = _detect_platform()
     runtime = _detect_runtime()
     carla = find_carla() if runtime == "desktop" else ""
+    docker = _in_docker()
     return {
         "platform": platform,
         "runtime": runtime,                 # "desktop" | "headless"
-        "docker": _in_docker(),
+        "docker": docker,
+        "environment": "docker" if docker else "standalone",  # luồng âm instrument: docker→FluidSynthWASM, standalone→native OS
         "has_display": _has_display(),
         "tauri_bridge": _tauri_bridge_ready(),
         "carla_path": carla,
@@ -375,6 +377,7 @@ def capabilities() -> dict:
         "runtime": d["runtime"],
         "platform": d["platform"],
         "docker": d["docker"],
+        "environment": d["environment"],
         "features": features,
         "default_dirs": {
             "vst": d["default_vst_dirs"],

app/core/vst_engine.py

@@ -8,6 +8,74 @@ from ctypes import c_char_p
 def midi_note_to_freq(note_number: int) -> float:
     return 440.0 * (2.0 ** ((note_number - 69) / 12.0))
 
+
+def render_soundfont_midi_to_audio(midi_events: list, sf_path: str, bank: int = 0,
+                                   program: int = 0, sr: int = 44100, bpm: float = 120.0) -> np.ndarray:
+    """Native FluidSynth (pyfluidsynth) — render MIDI events bằng soundfont THẬT.
+
+    Dùng cho môi trường standalone: âm instrument xử lí trực tiếp trên OS
+    (backend pyfluidsynth), không phải FluidSynthWASM trong browser.
+    Xử lí đúng note CHỒNG nhau + đuôi release (event-stream noteon/noteoff).
+    Trả stereo float32 (2, N). Raise RuntimeError nếu pyfluidsynth thiếu / SF
+    không load được."""
+    import fluidsynth as _fs
+    settings = _fs.new_fluid_settings()
+    _fs.fluid_settings_setnum(settings, b'synth.sample-rate', float(sr))
+    synth = _fs.new_fluid_synth(settings)
+    try:
+        fid = _fs.fluid_synth_sfload(synth, os.fspath(sf_path).encode('utf-8'), 1)
+        if fid == -1:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"SoundFont load failed: {sf_path}")
+        _fs.fluid_synth_program_select(synth, 0, fid, int(bank), int(program))
+        beat_sec = 60.0 / max(30.0, bpm)
+        events = []
+        total_sec = 0.0
+        for ev in midi_events:
+            start_s = int(float(ev.get('start_beat', 0)) * beat_sec * sr)
+            dur_s = int(float(ev.get('duration_beats', 1)) * beat_sec * sr)
+            note = int(ev.get('note', 60))
+            vel = min(127, max(1, int(float(ev.get('velocity', 100)))))
+            events.append((start_s, 'on', note, vel))
+            events.append((start_s + dur_s, 'off', note, 0))
+            end_sec = (start_s + dur_s) / float(sr)
+            if end_sec > total_sec:
+                total_sec = end_sec
+        events.sort(key=lambda e: e[0])
+        total_sec = max(total_sec, 0.25) + 0.5  # đuôi reverb/release
+        n = int(total_sec * sr)
+        out = np.zeros((2, n), dtype=np.float32)
+        pos = 0
+
+        def _render_until(target: int):
+            """Render từ pos tới target, CỘNG vào out (giữ âm đang ngân)."""
+            nonlocal pos
+            target = min(target, n)
+            while pos < target:
+                chunk = min(target - pos, 44100)
+                block = _fs.fluid_synth_write_s16_stereo(synth, chunk)
+                b = block.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 2).T / 32768.0
+                take = min(chunk, b.shape[1], target - pos)
+                if take > 0:
+                    out[:, pos:pos + take] += b[:, :take]
+                pos += take
+
+        for t, kind, note, vel in events:
+            if t > pos:
+                _render_until(t)
+            if pos >= n:
+                break
+            if kind == 'on':
+                _fs.fluid_synth_noteon(synth, 0, note, vel)
+            else:
+                _fs.fluid_synth_noteoff(synth, 0, note)
+        _render_until(n)  # đuôi release của notes cuối
+        return out
+    finally:
+        try:
+            _fs.delete_fluid_synth(synth)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
 def render_midi_events_to_audio(midi_events: list, sr: int = 44100, bpm: float = 120.0, instrument: str = 'synth') -> np.ndarray:
     beat_duration_sec = 60.0 / max(30.0, bpm)
     max_duration_sec = 2.0

app/static/js/app.jsx

@@ -137,6 +137,133 @@ const ensureCarlaForPlayback = (synthEngine) => {
 };
 
 
+// ── Môi trường chạy: docker vs standalone ─────────────────────────────────
+// environment: "docker" → âm instrument qua FluidSynthWASM (client); "standalone"
+// → xử lí trực tiếp trên OS (backend native pyfluidsynth / Carla). Quy tắc:
+// KHÔNG phải docker = standalone (Windows/Linux/macOS chạy trực tiếp).
+const sfEnv = () => {
+  try {
+    const r = window.SonicRuntime;
+    if (r && r.environment) return r.environment;
+    const c = r && r.capabilities;
+    return (c && c.docker) ? 'docker' : 'standalone';
+  } catch (e) { return 'docker'; }
+};
+const isDockerSf = () => sfEnv() === 'docker';
+const isStandaloneSf = () => sfEnv() === 'standalone';
+// Track dùng âm soundfont (không phải VSTi) — route native khi standalone.
+const isSfTrackEngine = (se) => {
+  if (!se) return false;
+  return !!(se.soundfont_id || String(se.type || '').indexOf('soundfont') !== -1 || String(se.type || '').indexOf('sf3') !== -1);
+};
+const isVstTrackEngine = (se) => !!se && String(se.type || '').indexOf('vst') !== -1;
+// Track dùng VSTi + Carla local → route Carla (native GUI, realtime).
+const shouldRouteCarla = (se) => !!(window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.shouldRoutePlayback(se));
+
+// ── Native soundfont preview (standalone) ─────────────────────────────────
+// Render 1 note bằng backend native FluidSynth (pyfluidsynth) → play WAV.
+// Mỗi key (thường = track.id) một Audio element — note mới stop note cũ;
+// token chống stale (response cũ không đè response mới).
+const _nativeSfPreviews = {};
+const playNativeSfNote = (track, pitch, velocity, durationMs, startTime, key) => {
+  try {
+    const eng = track && track.synth_engine;
+    const sfId = (eng && eng.soundfont_id) || (track && track.instrumentId && String(track.instrumentId).startsWith('sf_') ? track.instrumentId : null);
+    if (!sfId) return;
+    const bank = (eng && eng.soundfont_bank) || 0;
+    const program = (eng && eng.soundfont_program) || (track && track.instrumentProgram !== undefined ? track.instrumentProgram : 0);
+    const k = key || (track ? track.id : 'global');
+    const prev = _nativeSfPreviews[k];
+    const token = (prev ? prev.token : 0) + 1;
+    const durationSec = Math.max(0.2, (durationMs || 500) / 1000);
+    window.SonicAPI.soundfontRender({
+      soundfont_id: sfId,
+      bank: bank,
+      program: program,
+      bpm: 120,
+      notes: [{ pitch: pitch, start_beat: 0, duration_beats: durationSec * 2, velocity: velocity != null ? velocity : 0.8 }],
+    }).then(function (res) {
+      if (!res || !res.success || !res.url) return;
+      if (_nativeSfPreviews[k] && _nativeSfPreviews[k].token !== token) return; // stale
+      const audio = new Audio(API_BASE_URL + res.url);
+      _nativeSfPreviews[k] = { audio: audio, token: token };
+      const ctx = getAudioContext();
+      const delay = startTime ? Math.max(0, (startTime - ctx.currentTime) * 1000) : 0;
+      setTimeout(function () {
+        if (!_nativeSfPreviews[k] || _nativeSfPreviews[k].audio !== audio) return;
+        audio.play().catch(function () {});
+        audio._sfStopTimer && clearTimeout(audio._sfStopTimer);
+        audio._sfStopTimer = setTimeout(function () { try { audio.pause(); } catch (e) {} }, durationSec * 1000 + 400);
+      }, delay);
+    }).catch(function () {});
+  } catch (e) { console.warn('[NativeSF] playNativeSfNote error:', e); }
+};
+const stopNativeSfNote = (key) => {
+  try {
+    const k = key || 'global';
+    const prev = _nativeSfPreviews[k];
+    if (!prev) return;
+    prev.token++;
+    try { if (prev.audio) { prev.audio.pause(); prev.audio.currentTime = 0; } } catch (e) {}
+  } catch (e) {}
+};
+const stopAllNativeSfNotes = () => {
+  try { Object.keys(_nativeSfPreviews).forEach(function (k) { stopNativeSfNote(k); }); } catch (e) {}
+};
+
+// ── Native soundfont item render (standalone, transport) ──────────────────
+// Render TOÀN BỘ MIDI item bằng native FluidSynth → decode AudioBuffer →
+// schedule nguồn audio đúng vị trí item (giống audio clip). opts:
+//   baseOffsetSec: offset thêm (section: secStart) | limitSec: chặn tại secEnd
+//   isActive(): guard stop giữa chừng | sources: mảng nguồn để stop.
+const scheduleNativeSfItem = (track, item, offsetTime, context, destNode, bpm, opts) => {
+  try {
+    const eng = track && track.synth_engine;
+    const sfId = eng && eng.soundfont_id;
+    if (!sfId) return;
+    const notes = (item && item.notes) || [];
+    if (!notes.length) return;
+    const secPerBeat = 60.0 / (parseInt(bpm) || 120);
+    const baseOffsetSec = (opts && opts.baseOffsetSec) || 0;
+    const itemStartAbs = baseOffsetSec + (item.startTime || 0);
+    let itemEndAbs = itemStartAbs + 0.05;
+    notes.forEach(function (n) {
+      const end = itemStartAbs + ((n.start_beat || 0) + (n.duration_beats || 1)) * secPerBeat;
+      if (end > itemEndAbs) itemEndAbs = end;
+    });
+    window.SonicAPI.soundfontRender({
+      soundfont_id: sfId,
+      bank: (eng && eng.soundfont_bank) || 0,
+      program: (eng && eng.soundfont_program) || 0,
+      bpm: parseFloat(bpm) || 120,
+      notes: notes.map(function (n) { return { pitch: n.pitch || 60, start_beat: n.start_beat || 0, duration_beats: n.duration_beats || 1, velocity: n.velocity != null ? n.velocity : 0.8 }; }),
+    }).then(function (res) {
+      if (!res || !res.success || !res.url) return;
+      fetch(API_BASE_URL + res.url).then(function (r) { return r.arrayBuffer(); }).then(function (buf) {
+        context.decodeAudioData(buf, function (audioBuf) {
+          try {
+            if (opts && typeof opts.isActive === 'function' && !opts.isActive()) return;
+            const src = context.createBufferSource();
+            src.buffer = audioBuf;
+            src.connect(destNode);
+            if (offsetTime < itemStartAbs) {
+              src.start(context.currentTime + (itemStartAbs - offsetTime), 0);
+            } else if (offsetTime < itemEndAbs) {
+              src.start(context.currentTime, Math.min(offsetTime - itemStartAbs, Math.max(0, audioBuf.duration - 0.05)));
+            } else {
+              return;
+            }
+            if (opts && opts.limitSec && opts.limitSec < itemStartAbs + audioBuf.duration) {
+              src.stop(context.currentTime + Math.max(0.02, opts.limitSec - Math.max(offsetTime, itemStartAbs)));
+            }
+            if (opts && opts.sources && opts.sources.push) opts.sources.push(src);
+          } catch (e) { console.warn('[NativeSF] schedule decode error:', e); }
+        }, function () {});
+      }).catch(function () {});
+    }).catch(function () {});
+  } catch (e) { console.warn('[NativeSF] scheduleNativeSfItem error:', e); }
+};
+
 // Handle ?sfs=<encoded> from double-clicking a .sfs file (opens domain -> loads project)
 (function handleSfsDeepLink() {
   try {
@@ -8021,6 +8148,10 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
           var pvCtx = resolveTrackInstrumentCtx(pvTrk, activeTracks);
           ensureSonicInstrument(pvCtx);
           playing.forEach(n => {
+            if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(pvCtx.synthEngine) && !shouldRouteCarla(pvCtx.synthEngine)) {
+              playNativeSfNote(pvTrk, n.pitch, n.velocity || 0.8, 200, undefined, 'pv_' + st.trackId);
+              return;
+            }
             window.SonicSF.playNote(n.pitch, (n.velocity || 0.8) * 127, 200, ctx.currentTime, pvCtx.program, null, pvCtx.ch, pvCtx.synthEngine);
           });
         }
@@ -8387,9 +8518,13 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
         var clTrk = activeTracks.find(function(t) { return t.id === st.trackId; });
         var clCtx = resolveTrackInstrumentCtx(clTrk, activeTracks);
         ensureSonicInstrument(clCtx);
+        if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(clCtx.synthEngine) && !shouldRouteCarla(clCtx.synthEngine)) {
+          playNativeSfNote(clTrk, notes[clickedNoteIdx].pitch, notes[clickedNoteIdx].velocity || 0.8, 300, undefined, 'pv_' + st.trackId);
+        } else {
           window.SonicSF.playNote(notes[clickedNoteIdx].pitch, 100, 300, ctx.currentTime, clCtx.program, null, clCtx.ch, clCtx.synthEngine);
         }
       }
+    }
 
     // Shift+click: toggle selection (multi-select) — user 09:30 (trước đây là
     // Ctrl+click — Ctrl giờ dành cho COPY-drag)
@@ -8643,12 +8778,14 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
         try { previewNodesRef.current.gain.disconnect(); } catch(e) {}
         previewNodesRef.current = null;
       }
-      if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.playNote) {
-        const ctx = getAudioContext();
       var dwTrk = activeTracks.find(function(t) { return t.id === st.trackId; });
       var dwCh = dwTrk ? assignTrackMidiChannel(dwTrk, activeTracks) : 0;
       var dwPitch = snapToScaleRef.current ? snapPitchToScale(pitch, selectedScaleRef.current) : pitch;
       var dwDurMs = Math.max(100, Math.round(initialDur * (60 / bpm) * 1000));
+      if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(dwTrk && dwTrk.synth_engine) && !shouldRouteCarla(dwTrk && dwTrk.synth_engine)) {
+        playNativeSfNote(dwTrk, dwPitch, brushVelocityRef.current || 0.8, dwDurMs, undefined, 'pvdraw_' + st.trackId);
+      } else if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.playNote) {
+        const ctx = getAudioContext();
         // playNote (FluidSynth — nhạc cụ THẬT của track). _playNoteFallback chỉ
         // là oscillator beep (sai âm với percussion/soundfont — user: note vẽ
         // mới nghe nhạc cụ track trước).
@@ -8744,10 +8881,12 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
         // Đồng bộ mastering + routing SF trước khi preview draw (âm qua
         // mastering FX của main out khi chain bật)
         try { if (window.__ensureMasteringRouting) window.__ensureMasteringRouting(); } catch (er) {}
-        if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.playNote) {
-          var pvCtx = getAudioContext();
         var pvTrk = activeTracks.find(function(t) { return t.id === st.trackId; });
         var pvCtxInst = resolveTrackInstrumentCtx(pvTrk, activeTracks);
+        if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(pvCtxInst.synthEngine) && !shouldRouteCarla(pvCtxInst.synthEngine)) {
+          playNativeSfNote(pvTrk, p, brushVelocityRef.current || 0.8, durMs, undefined, 'pvdraw_' + st.trackId);
+        } else if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.playNote) {
+          var pvCtx = getAudioContext();
           var pvVel = Math.round(brushVelocityRef.current * 127);
           // playNote (FluidSynth — nhạc cụ THẬT). _playNoteFallback = oscillator
           // beep sai âm (percussion/soundfont).
@@ -9137,7 +9276,11 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
               if (window.triggerMidiVuActivity) {
                 window.triggerMidiVuActivity((st.parent_tab_id && st.parent_tab_id.startsWith('session_') ? '_sess_' : '') + st.trackId, 100);
               }
-              if (window.SonicSF) {
+              const kbNative = isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(kbCtx.synthEngine) && !shouldRouteCarla(kbCtx.synthEngine);
+              if (kbNative) {
+                playNativeSfNote(kbTrk, pitch, 100 / 127, 5000, undefined, 'kb_' + st.trackId + '_' + pitch);
+              }
+              if (window.SonicSF && !kbNative) {
                 // ⚠️ FIX: giữ note theo thời gian bấm phím — durationMs lớn (5s)
                 // chỉ là auto-off phòng hờ; mouseup/mouseleave gọi stopNote dừng
                 // NGAY (trước đây 500ms → note tự tắt giữa chừng khi giữ phím).
@@ -9159,7 +9302,10 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
                 if (window.triggerMidiVuActivity) {
                   window.triggerMidiVuActivity((st.parent_tab_id && st.parent_tab_id.startsWith('session_') ? '_sess_' : '') + st.trackId, 100);
                 }
-                if (window.SonicSF) {
+                if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(kbCtx.synthEngine) && !shouldRouteCarla(kbCtx.synthEngine)) {
+                  playNativeSfNote(kbTrk, pitch, 100 / 127, 5000, undefined, 'kb_' + st.trackId + '_' + pitch);
+                }
+                if (window.SonicSF && !(isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(kbCtx.synthEngine) && !shouldRouteCarla(kbCtx.synthEngine))) {
                   // giữ note khi kéo qua phím (mouse enter) — dừng bằng mouseup/leave
                   window.SonicSF.playNote(pitch, 100, 5000, undefined, kbCtx.program, null, kbCtx.ch, kbCtx.synthEngine);
                 }
@@ -9175,6 +9321,7 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
             keybedMouseDownRef.current = false;
             // Dừng note khi thả phím — tránh kẹt âm (loop liên tục) với soundfont
             try {
+              if (isStandaloneSf()) stopNativeSfNote('kb_' + st.trackId + '_' + pitch);
               if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.stopNote) window.SonicSF.stopNote(kbCtx.ch, pitch);
             } catch (e) {}
             if (window.__carlaKeybedTimer) { clearTimeout(window.__carlaKeybedTimer); window.__carlaKeybedTimer = null; }
@@ -9184,6 +9331,7 @@ const PianoRollTabEditor = ({ st, zoom, bpm, viewportWidth, activeTracks, onClos
             if (!keybedMouseDownRef.current) return;
             // Kéo chuột ra khỏi phím → dừng note của phím đó
             try {
+              if (isStandaloneSf()) stopNativeSfNote('kb_' + st.trackId + '_' + pitch);
               if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.stopNote) window.SonicSF.stopNote(kbCtx.ch, pitch);
             } catch (e) {}
             if (window.SonicCarlaMidi) { try { window.SonicCarlaMidi.noteOff(kbCtx.ch, pitch); } catch (e) {} }
@@ -13873,6 +14021,7 @@ const MediaExplorerPanel = ({ height, clipboardRef, active }) => {
       selectTokenRef.current++;
       const token = selectTokenRef.current;
       try { if (window.SonicSF && typeof window.SonicSF.stopAll === 'function') window.SonicSF.stopAll(); } catch (e) {}
+      stopAllNativeSfNotes();
       playMidiPreview(cur, token);
     }
   };
@@ -13948,6 +14097,43 @@ const MediaExplorerPanel = ({ height, clipboardRef, active }) => {
           allNotes.push(Object.assign({}, note, { trackOffset: track.startTime || 0 }));
         });
       });
+      // Standalone + instrument soundfont → render CẢ FILE bằng native
+      // FluidSynth (backend) → play WAV (loop theo flag/lựa chọn), bỏ per-note
+      // WASM (WASM không phải luồng âm của standalone).
+      if (isStandaloneSf() && sfId) {
+        const nativeNotes = allNotes
+          .filter(note => !(hasSelection && ((note.start_beat || 0) < loopStartBeats || (note.start_beat || 0) >= loopEndBeats)))
+          .map(note => {
+            const shiftedStartBeat = hasSelection ? ((note.start_beat || 0) - loopStartBeats) : (note.start_beat || 0);
+            return {
+              pitch: note.pitch || 60,
+              start_beat: shiftedStartBeat + ((note.trackOffset || 0) / secondsPerBeat),
+              duration_beats: note.duration_beats || 1,
+              velocity: note.velocity != null ? note.velocity : 0.8
+            };
+          });
+        if (nativeNotes.length) {
+          window.SonicAPI.soundfontRender({ soundfont_id: sfId, bank: bank, program: prog !== undefined ? prog : 0, bpm: bpmVal, notes: nativeNotes }).then(function (res) {
+            if (!res || !res.success || !res.url) return;
+            if (selectTokenRef.current !== (token || selectTokenRef.current)) return;
+            const audio = new Audio(API_BASE_URL + res.url);
+            audio.loop = !!isLoopingRef.current;
+            _nativeSfPreviews['midifile'] = { audio: audio, token: selectTokenRef.current };
+            audio.play().catch(function () {});
+          });
+        }
+        const startedAtTime = startWallTime - loopStartSec;
+        playStateRef.current = { source: null, ctx, startedAt: startedAtTime, fakeStart: startedAtTime, midiTotal: totalSec };
+        setMidiNotes(allNotes);
+        setMidiTotal(totalSec);
+        setMidiBars(midiResult[0].bars || 1);
+        setMidiTotalBeats(midiResult[0].totalBeats || 16);
+        setMidiFileBpm(midiResult[0].bpm || 120);
+        setIsPlaying(true);
+        setIsPaused(false);
+        startCanvasClock();
+        return;
+      }
       const schedulePass = (passStartTime) => {
         allNotes.forEach(note => {
           const noteStartBeat = note.start_beat || 0;
@@ -13996,6 +14182,7 @@ const MediaExplorerPanel = ({ height, clipboardRef, active }) => {
     if (rafRef.current) cancelAnimationFrame(rafRef.current);
     rafRef.current = null;
     if (loopTimerRef.current) { clearInterval(loopTimerRef.current); loopTimerRef.current = null; }
+    stopNativeSfNote('midifile');
     if (window.SonicSF && typeof window.SonicSF.stopAll === 'function') {
       try { window.SonicSF.stopAll(); } catch (e) {}
     }
@@ -14310,6 +14497,7 @@ const MediaExplorerPanel = ({ height, clipboardRef, active }) => {
       selectTokenRef.current++;
       const token = selectTokenRef.current;
       try { if (window.SonicSF && typeof window.SonicSF.stopAll === 'function') window.SonicSF.stopAll(); } catch (e) {}
+      stopAllNativeSfNotes();
       playMidiPreview(cur, token);
     }
   };
@@ -14480,6 +14668,7 @@ const MediaExplorerPanel = ({ height, clipboardRef, active }) => {
           selectTokenRef.current++;
           const token = selectTokenRef.current;
           try { if (window.SonicSF && typeof window.SonicSF.stopAll === 'function') window.SonicSF.stopAll(); } catch (e) {}
+          stopAllNativeSfNotes();
           playMidiPreview(cur, token);
         }
       }
@@ -15107,6 +15296,7 @@ const App = () => {
       if (_wasVst && !_nowVst && window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.stopBridge) {
         window.SonicCarlaMidi.stopBridge();
         try { if (window.SonicSF && window.SonicSF.stopAll) window.SonicSF.stopAll(); } catch (e) {}
+        stopAllNativeSfNotes();
         console.log('[Instrument] Carla bridge unloaded — track', trackId, 'switched from VSTi to non-VST');
       }
     } catch (e) { console.warn('[Instrument] carla-stop on instrument switch error:', e); }
@@ -15364,7 +15554,11 @@ const App = () => {
                           try {
                             heldMidiNotesRef.current[as.trackId] = (heldMidiNotesRef.current[as.trackId] || 0) + 1;
                           } catch (err) { }
+                          if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(asSe) && !shouldRouteCarla(asSe)) {
+                            playNativeSfNote(asTrk, pitch, scaledVel / 127, 60000, undefined, 'midi_' + as.trackId + '_' + pitch);
+                          } else {
                             window.SonicSF.playNote(pitch, scaledVel, 60000, undefined, asProg, null, asCh, asSe);
+                          }
                           // MIDI Keyboard → Carla bridge (piano roll sub-tab ARM):
                           // track VSTi của sub-tab phát VSTi realtime giống keybed.
                           if (window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.shouldRoute(asSe, true)) {
@@ -15385,7 +15579,11 @@ const App = () => {
                         try {
                           heldMidiNotesRef.current[at.id] = (heldMidiNotesRef.current[at.id] || 0) + 1;
                         } catch (err) { }
+                        if (isStandaloneSf() && isSfTrackEngine(atSe) && !shouldRouteCarla(atSe)) {
+                          playNativeSfNote(at, pitch, scaledVel / 127, 60000, undefined, 'midi_' + at.id + '_' + pitch);
+                        } else {
                           window.SonicSF.playNote(pitch, scaledVel, 60000, undefined, atProg, atDest, atCh, atSe);
+                        }
                         // MIDI Keyboard → Carla bridge (track VSTi + ARM + Carla
                         // local): phát VSTi realtime — giống hệt keybed ảo. Trước
                         // đây chỉ keybed gọi SonicCarlaMidi; keyboard hardware bị
@@ -15414,6 +15612,7 @@ const App = () => {
                      // channel and kill its sound.
                      if (!st.synth_engine && st.midiChannel === undefined) return;
                      var stCh = assignTrackMidiChannel(st, stopTracks);
+                     if (isStandaloneSf()) stopNativeSfNote('midi_' + st.id + '_' + pitch);
                      window.SonicSF.stopNote(stCh, pitch);
                      // MIDI Keyboard → Carla bridge: note-off khi thả phím — tránh
                      // kẹt âm VSTi (giống keybed ảo).
@@ -21235,6 +21434,11 @@ const App = () => {
     const destNode = getOrCreateTrackNode(track, context);
     const program = track ? track.instrumentProgram : undefined;
     var prevCh = track ? assignTrackMidiChannel(track, activeTracks) : 0;
+    const routeCarla = shouldRouteCarla(track && track.synth_engine);
+    if (isStandaloneSf() && !routeCarla && isSfTrackEngine(track && track.synth_engine)) {
+      playNativeSfNote(track, pitch, velocity, durationMs, null, track ? track.id : 'global');
+      return;
+    }
     window.SonicSF.playNote(
       pitch,
       velocity,
@@ -21306,7 +21510,12 @@ const App = () => {
 
       // MIDI items playback
       const midiItems = track.midiItems || [];
-      if ((track.type === 'MIDI' || midiItems.length > 0) && (window.SonicSF || (window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.shouldRoutePlayback(track.synth_engine)))) {
+      const routeCarla = shouldRouteCarla(track.synth_engine);
+      const nativeSf = isStandaloneSf() && !routeCarla && isSfTrackEngine(track.synth_engine);
+      if ((track.type === 'MIDI' || midiItems.length > 0) && (window.SonicSF || routeCarla || nativeSf)) {
+        if (nativeSf) {
+          midiItems.forEach(item => scheduleNativeSfItem(track, item, offsetTime, context, gainNode, bpm, { sources: activeSourcesRef.current, isActive: () => !!isPlayingRef.current }));
+        } else {
         // Preview cache: capture the soundfont (pre track-FX) for fast offline export
         ensureMidiCapture(track, activeTrackNodesRef.current[track.id]);
         if (window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.shouldRoutePlayback(track.synth_engine)) ensureCarlaForPlayback(track.synth_engine);
@@ -21389,6 +21598,7 @@ const App = () => {
           });
         });
         }
+      }
       // If track has instrumentId set but no MIDI items, create scheduled oscillators
       if (track.instrumentId && midiItems.length === 0 && track.buffer) {
         // Play audio normally (the buffer has the audio data)
@@ -21464,7 +21674,13 @@ const App = () => {
 
             // 2. Play MIDI items in subTrack
             const subMidiItems = subTrack.midiItems || [];
-            if (subMidiItems.length > 0 && (window.SonicSF || (window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.shouldRoutePlayback(subTrack.synth_engine)))) {
+            const subRouteCarla = shouldRouteCarla(subTrack.synth_engine);
+            const subNativeSf = isStandaloneSf() && !subRouteCarla && isSfTrackEngine(subTrack.synth_engine);
+            if (subMidiItems.length > 0 && (window.SonicSF || subRouteCarla || subNativeSf)) {
+              if (subNativeSf) {
+                subMidiItems.forEach(item => scheduleNativeSfItem(subTrack, item, offsetTime, context, subNode, bpm, { baseOffsetSec: secStart, limitSec: secEnd, sources: activeSourcesRef.current, isActive: () => !!isPlayingRef.current }));
+                return; // native render → audio buffer (không qua WASM/Carla per-note)
+              }
               subMidiItems.forEach(item => {
                 const notes = item.notes || [];
                 notes.forEach(note => {
@@ -21592,7 +21808,13 @@ const App = () => {
 
     // MIDI items playback
     const midiItems = track.midiItems || [];
-    if ((track.type === 'MIDI' || midiItems.length > 0) && (window.SonicSF || (window.SonicCarlaMidi && window.SonicCarlaMidi.shouldRoutePlayback(track.synth_engine)))) {
+    const routeCarla = shouldRouteCarla(track.synth_engine);
+    const nativeSf = isStandaloneSf() && !routeCarla && isSfTrackEngine(track.synth_engine);
+    if ((track.type === 'MIDI' || midiItems.length > 0) && (window.SonicSF || routeCarla || nativeSf)) {
+      if (nativeSf) {
+        midiItems.forEach(item => scheduleNativeSfItem(track, item, offsetTime, context, gainNode, bpm, { sources: activeSourcesRef.current, isActive: () => !!isPlayingRef.current }));
+        return; // native render → audio buffer (không qua WASM/Carla per-note)
+      }
       var lcCh = assignTrackMidiChannel(track, tracks);
       const bpmVal = parseInt(bpm) || 120;
       const secondsPerBeat = 60.0 / bpmVal;
@@ -21675,6 +21897,11 @@ const App = () => {
     // items placed later in the project play `item.startTime` seconds in the
     // future (silence when pressing play). Ghost notes are already relative to
     // the item window, so no absolute-session offset is applied anywhere here.
+    const routeCarla = shouldRouteCarla(synthEngine);
+    if (isStandaloneSf() && !routeCarla && isSfTrackEngine(synthEngine)) {
+      scheduleNativeSfItem(track, { startTime: 0, notes: midiNotes }, offsetSeconds, context, destNode, bpm, { sources: activeSourcesRef.current, isActive: () => !!isPlayingRef.current });
+      return; // native render cả tab → audio buffer (không per-note WASM/Carla)
+    }
     midiNotes.forEach(note => {
       const noteOnBeat = note.start_beat || 0;
       const noteDurBeat = note.duration_beats || 1;
@@ -21815,6 +22042,7 @@ const App = () => {
     }
     setTimeout(() => {
       window.SonicSF.stopAll();
+      stopAllNativeSfNotes();
       if (prTNode && prTNode.gainNode) {
         const prTrackData = activeTracksRef.current ? activeTracksRef.current.find(t => t.id === prSt.trackId) : null;
         const prVolDb = prTrackData ? (prTrackData.volumeDb ?? 0) : 0;
@@ -21854,6 +22082,7 @@ const App = () => {
     // tick vẫn thấy heldCnt > 0 → giữ peak → VU dính mãi (user bug 08:08).
     try { heldMidiNotesRef.current = {}; } catch (e) { }
     stopMidiCapture();
+    stopAllNativeSfNotes();
     if (window.SonicSF) {
       try { window.SonicSF.stopAll(); } catch (e) { console.warn('[Stop] stopAll error:', e); }
       // Dừng triệt để: noteoff từng note + hủy scheduled note-on (hết âm stuck)
@@ -21877,6 +22106,7 @@ const App = () => {
       if (st.isPlaying) {
         stopAllPlayback();
         window.SonicSF.stopAll();
+        stopAllNativeSfNotes();
         setSubTabs(prev => prev.map(s => s.id === activeTab ? {
           ...s,
           currentTime: time,
@@ -29439,6 +29669,7 @@ STRICT CONSTRAINTS:
                    }
                    setTimeout(() => {
                      window.SonicSF.stopAll();
+                     stopAllNativeSfNotes();
                      if (tNode && tNode.gainNode) {
                        const trackData = activeTracksRef.current ? activeTracksRef.current.find(t => t.id === playingSub.trackId) : null;
                        const volDb = trackData ? (trackData.volumeDb ?? 0) : 0;
@@ -29459,6 +29690,7 @@ STRICT CONSTRAINTS:
                  if (seekSt.isPlaying) {
                    stopAllPlayback();
                    window.SonicSF.stopAll();
+                   stopAllNativeSfNotes();
                    setSubTabs(prev => prev.map(s => s.id === seekSt.id ? { ...s, currentTime: clickTime, isPlaying: true } : s));
                    const ctx = getAudioContext();
                    startOffsetTimeRef.current = clickTime;

app/static/js/services/api.js

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ window.API_BASE_URL = window.API_BASE_URL || window.location.origin;
         // Render MIDI notes → WAV bằng VSTi (pedalboard, âm thật) — trả file_id
         // để UI preview / gán clip vào track / download
         midiRender: (payload) => apiRequest('/api/v1/plugins/midi-render', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(payload) }),
+        soundfontRender: (payload) => apiRequest('/api/v1/plugins/soundfont-render', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(payload) }),
         // Phát dãy MIDI notes realtime qua Carla bridge (OSC) — preview khi
         // pedalboard không render được plugin (VD VST2)
         carlaPlayNotes: (payload) => apiRequest('/api/v1/plugins/carla-play-notes', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(payload) }),

app/static/js/services/runtime.js

@@ -20,9 +20,15 @@ window.SonicRuntime = window.SonicRuntime || { loaded: false, capabilities: null
                 var c = data && data.success ? data : { features: {} };
                 window.SonicRuntime.capabilities = c;
                 window.SonicRuntime.loaded = true;
+                // environment: "docker" | "standalone" — quyết định luồng âm
+                // instrument: docker → FluidSynthWASM (client), standalone →
+                // native (backend pyfluidsynth / Carla). Không phải docker =
+                // standalone (Windows/Linux/macOS chạy trực tiếp trên OS).
+                window.SonicRuntime.environment = c.environment || (c.docker ? 'docker' : 'standalone');
                 var html = document.documentElement;
                 html.dataset.runtime = c.runtime || 'unknown';
                 html.dataset.platform = c.platform || '';
+                html.dataset.environment = window.SonicRuntime.environment;
                 html.dataset.carla = (c.features && c.features.carla_local) ? '1' : '0';
                 if (c.features && c.features.carla_local === false) {
                     document.querySelectorAll('[data-carla-only]').forEach(function (el) {

app/templates/index.html

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     <script src="/static/js/services/midiExtractor.js?v=202607281052"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/services/promptTemplateManager.js?v=202607281039"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/services/undoRedoEngine.js?v=202607290941"></script>
-    <script src="/static/js/app.precompiled.js?v=202608101904" defer></script>
+    <script src="/static/js/app.precompiled.js?v=202608101914" defer></script>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/styles.css?v=202607271016">
     <style>
         :root {