Gap 7: master volume automation lane — render_engine automation.volume_db (dB interp -30..+3 sau fader truoc normalize), schema master.automation, UI AUTOM panel MasterStripConsole + realtime scheduling tren masterBus.output.gain (play/seek/stop), serialize/parse, test_65 (177 passed)

app/core/render_engine.py

@@ -63,6 +63,22 @@ def _find_default_sf2() -> str:
                 return p
     return ""
 
+def _apply_master_volume_automation(buf, sr, nodes):
+    """Gap 7: master volume automation lane (master.automation.volume_db).
+
+    nodes: [{time: giây, db}] — envelope tuyến tính dB, clamp -30..+3 dB như
+    track automation (sub_tab_dsp). Áp TRÊN master_buffer (2, N) — trả copy."""
+    nodes = [n for n in (nodes or []) if n.get("time") is not None and n.get("db") is not None]
+    if not nodes:
+        return buf
+    nodes = sorted(nodes, key=lambda x: float(x["time"]))
+    n_samples = buf.shape[1]
+    times = np.array([float(n["time"]) for n in nodes])
+    dbs = np.clip(np.array([float(n["db"]) for n in nodes]), -30.0, 3.0)
+    sample_times = np.arange(n_samples) / sr
+    interp = np.interp(sample_times, times, dbs, left=dbs[0], right=dbs[-1])
+    return buf * (10.0 ** (interp / 20.0))
+
 # ── Builtin custom FX (spec fx_chain_architecture §2 Step 2: Custom FX) ─────
 # Track FX chain slots: eq / eqpro / compressor / limiter / exciter / rebalance
 # (khớp tham số WebAudio track FX modules + EQ Pro bands) + legacy chorus/reverb
@@ -907,6 +923,14 @@ class PythonRenderEngine:
                     if vol_l:
                         master_buffer *= 10 ** (vol_l / 20.0)
 
+            # Gap 7: master volume automation — envelope áp SAU fader, TRƯỚC
+            # normalize (fader cuối; automation = lớp âm lượng trên fader).
+            _auto = master.get("automation") or {}
+            _auto_vol = _auto.get("volume_db") or []
+            if _auto_vol:
+                master_buffer = _apply_master_volume_automation(
+                    master_buffer, self.sample_rate, _auto_vol)
+
             # Normalization to prevent clipping
             max_peak = np.max(np.abs(master_buffer))
             if max_peak > 1.0:

app/models/project_schema.json

@@ -50,6 +50,22 @@
             "fx_chain": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": { "$ref": "#/definitions/FXPlugin" }
+            },
+            "automation": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "description": "Gap 7: master automation lanes (volume_db)", 
+              "properties": {
+                "volume_db": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                      "time": { "type": "number", "description": "giây" },
+                      "db": { "type": "number", "minimum": -30.0, "maximum": 3.0 }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
             }
           }
         }

app/static/js/app.jsx

@@ -1178,6 +1178,37 @@ function initMasterBus(ctx) {
 function setMasterVolume(linear) {
   if (masterBus) masterBus.output.gain.setValueAtTime(linear, audioCtx.currentTime);
 }
+// Gap 7: master volume automation lane — schedule envelope tren master output
+// gain (dB tuyen tinh, clamp -30..+3 nhu render_engine._apply_master_volume_automation).
+// Trang thai tu React qua window.__masterAutoOn/__masterAutoVol (pattern
+// window.__currentZoom). playheadSec = vi tri timeline giay luc bat dau nghe.
+function applyMasterAutomationSchedule(playheadSec) {
+  const bus = masterBus;
+  if (!bus || !bus.output || !bus.output.gain) return;
+  const ctx = audioCtx || getAudioContext();
+  const now = ctx.currentTime;
+  const env = (window.__masterAutoOn && Array.isArray(window.__masterAutoVol))
+    ? window.__masterAutoVol.filter(p => p && typeof p.time === 'number' && typeof p.db === 'number').slice().sort((a, b) => a.time - b.time)
+    : [];
+  bus.output.gain.cancelScheduledValues(now);
+  if (!env.length) { bus.output.gain.setValueAtTime(1, now); return; }
+  const ph = playheadSec || 0;
+  let idx = 0;
+  while (idx < env.length && env[idx].time < ph) idx++;
+  let initDb;
+  if (idx === 0) initDb = env[0].db;
+  else if (idx >= env.length) initDb = env[env.length - 1].db;
+  else {
+    const a = env[idx - 1], b = env[idx];
+    const span = b.time - a.time || 1;
+    initDb = a.db + (b.db - a.db) * Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (ph - a.time) / span));
+  }
+  bus.output.gain.setValueAtTime(Math.pow(10, Math.max(-30, Math.min(3, initDb)) / 20), now);
+  for (let k = idx; k < env.length; k++) {
+    const t = now + (env[k].time - ph);
+    if (t > now) bus.output.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(Math.pow(10, Math.max(-30, Math.min(3, env[k].db)) / 20), t);
+  }
+}
 
 // Master L/R faders + LINK + MUTE - per-channel gain stage (output -> volSplit ->
 // volLGain/volRGain -> volMerge -> muteGain -> analyser). time===undefined ->
@@ -2549,7 +2580,7 @@ const RefCompareModal = ({ open, onClose }) => {
 };
 
 // ── Master Strip Console Component (from md/47_MASTER_STRIP_CONSOLE.md) ──
-const MasterStripConsole = ({ masterVolume, setMasterVolume, masterVolL, setMasterVolL, masterVolR, setMasterVolR, masterLink, setMasterLink, masterMuted, setMasterMuted, showMasteringModal, setShowMasteringModal, masteringSettings, setMasteringSettings, isPlaying }) => {
+const MasterStripConsole = ({ masterVolume, setMasterVolume, masterVolL, setMasterVolL, masterVolR, setMasterVolR, masterLink, setMasterLink, masterMuted, setMasterMuted, masterAutoVol, setMasterAutoVol, masterAutoOn, setMasterAutoOn, showMasteringModal, setShowMasteringModal, masteringSettings, setMasteringSettings, isPlaying }) => {
   const [isTestPlaying, setIsTestPlaying] = React.useState(false);
   const [isMono, setIsMono] = React.useState(false);
   const [pan, setPan] = React.useState(0.0);
@@ -2565,6 +2596,18 @@ const MasterStripConsole = ({ masterVolume, setMasterVolume, masterVolL, setMast
   const panStartYRef = React.useRef(0);
   const startPanValRef = React.useRef(0);
   const [refOpen, setRefOpen] = React.useState(false);
+  const [autoOpen, setAutoOpen] = React.useState(false);
+  const addAutoPoint = () => {
+    const pts = (masterAutoVol || []).slice();
+    pts.push({ time: Math.round(pts.reduce((m, p) => Math.max(m, p.time || 0), 0) + 1), db: 0 });
+    setMasterAutoVol(pts);
+  };
+  const updAutoPoint = (i, key, val) => {
+    const pts = (masterAutoVol || []).slice();
+    pts[i] = Object.assign({}, pts[i], { [key]: val });
+    setMasterAutoVol(pts);
+  };
+  const delAutoPoint = (i) => setMasterAutoVol((masterAutoVol || []).filter((p, j) => j !== i));
 
   const ensureAudio = () => {
     getAudioContext();
@@ -2864,6 +2907,41 @@ const MasterStripConsole = ({ masterVolume, setMasterVolume, masterVolL, setMast
         )
       )
     ),
+    React.createElement("div", { className: "flex flex-col gap-0.5 my-1 shrink-0" },
+      React.createElement("div", { className: "flex items-center justify-between gap-1" },
+        React.createElement("button", {
+          id: "automBtn",
+          onClick: function() { setAutoOpen(function(p) { return !p; }); },
+          className: "btn-daw rounded px-1 py-0.5 text-[8px] font-bold" + (autoOpen ? " btn-teal-active" : ""),
+          title: "Master Volume Automation (Gap 7)"
+        }, "AUTOM"),
+        React.createElement("button", {
+          onClick: function() { setMasterAutoOn(function(p) { return !p; }); },
+          className: "text-[8px] px-1 py-0.5 rounded font-mono" + (masterAutoOn ? " text-emerald-400 bg-emerald-500/10" : " text-slate-500"),
+          title: "Bat/tat master volume automation"
+        }, masterAutoOn ? "ON" : "OFF")
+      ),
+      autoOpen && React.createElement("div", { className: "flex flex-col gap-0.5 bg-slate-950 border border-slate-800 rounded p-1 max-h-32 overflow-y-auto" },
+        (masterAutoVol || []).map(function(pt, i) {
+          return React.createElement("div", { key: i, className: "flex items-center gap-1" },
+            React.createElement("input", {
+              type: "number", step: "0.1", min: "0", value: pt.time,
+              onChange: function(e) { updAutoPoint(i, 'time', parseFloat(e.target.value) || 0); },
+              className: "w-12 bg-slate-900 border border-slate-700 rounded px-0.5 text-[8px] font-mono text-slate-200"
+            }),
+            React.createElement("span", { className: "text-[8px] text-slate-500" }, "s"),
+            React.createElement("input", {
+              type: "number", step: "0.5", min: "-30", max: "3", value: pt.db,
+              onChange: function(e) { updAutoPoint(i, 'db', parseFloat(e.target.value) || 0); },
+              className: "w-12 bg-slate-900 border border-slate-700 rounded px-0.5 text-[8px] font-mono text-slate-200"
+            }),
+            React.createElement("span", { className: "text-[8px] text-slate-500" }, "dB"),
+            React.createElement("button", { onClick: function() { delAutoPoint(i); }, className: "text-[8px] text-red-400 hover:text-red-300 ml-auto" }, "x")
+          );
+        }),
+        React.createElement("button", { onClick: addAutoPoint, className: "text-[8px] text-cyan-400 hover:text-cyan-300 mt-0.5" }, "+ ADD POINT")
+      )
+    ),
     React.createElement("div", { className: "text-center text-[10px] font-bold font-mono text-slate-200 shrink-0" },
       masterVolDisplay
     ),
@@ -11564,7 +11642,7 @@ const serializeProjectToSchema = (projectId, name, bpmVal, tracksList, subTabsLi
       })(),
       auto_compute_length: true,
       tracks: mainTracks,
-      ...((masteringSettings && Array.isArray(masteringSettings.vstFxChain) && masteringSettings.vstFxChain.length > 0) || (typeof masterVolume === 'number' && isFinite(masterVolume) && masterVolume !== 0) || (masterState && (masterState.volL !== 0 || masterState.volR !== 0 || masterState.muted || !masterState.link)) ? {
+      ...((masteringSettings && Array.isArray(masteringSettings.vstFxChain) && masteringSettings.vstFxChain.length > 0) || (typeof masterVolume === 'number' && isFinite(masterVolume) && masterVolume !== 0) || (masterState && (masterState.volL !== 0 || masterState.volR !== 0 || masterState.muted || !masterState.link)) || (Array.isArray(window.__masterAutoVol) && window.__masterAutoVol.length > 0) ? {
         master: {
           fx_chain: masteringSettings.vstFxChain.map(s => ({ type: s.type || 'vst3', path: s.path || '', name: s.name || '', preset_b64: _capturedPresetByPath[s.path] || s.preset_b64 || '', bypass: !!s.bypass })),
           volume_db: (typeof masterVolume === 'number' && isFinite(masterVolume)) ? masterVolume : 0,
@@ -11573,7 +11651,10 @@ const serializeProjectToSchema = (projectId, name, bpmVal, tracksList, subTabsLi
           link_lr: masterState ? !!masterState.link : false,
           muted: masterState ? !!masterState.muted : false,
           mute: masterState ? !!masterState.muted : false,
-          bypass: !masteringSettings.masterConnected || !!masteringSettings.vstBypass
+          bypass: !masteringSettings.masterConnected || !!masteringSettings.vstBypass,
+          ...((Array.isArray(window.__masterAutoVol) && window.__masterAutoVol.length > 0) ? {
+            automation: { volume_db: window.__masterAutoVol.map(p => ({ time: p.time, db: p.db })) }
+          } : {})
         }
       } : {})
     },
@@ -11700,6 +11781,8 @@ const deserializeProjectFromSchema = (schemaObj) => {
     masterVolR: (typeof _masterBus.volumeR_db === 'number' && isFinite(_masterBus.volumeR_db)) ? _masterBus.volumeR_db : ((typeof _masterBus.volumeL_db === 'number' && isFinite(_masterBus.volumeL_db)) ? _masterBus.volumeL_db : ((typeof _masterBus.volume_db === 'number' && isFinite(_masterBus.volume_db)) ? _masterBus.volume_db : 0)),
     masterLink: !!_masterBus.link_lr,
     masterMuted: !!(_masterBus.muted || _masterBus.mute),
+    masterAutoVol: (_masterBus.automation && Array.isArray(_masterBus.automation.volume_db)) ? _masterBus.automation.volume_db.filter(p => p && typeof p.time === 'number' && typeof p.db === 'number') : [],
+    masterAutoOn: !!(_masterBus.automation && Array.isArray(_masterBus.automation.volume_db) && _masterBus.automation.volume_db.length),
     zoom: schemaObj.metadata && schemaObj.metadata.zoom ? parseFloat(schemaObj.metadata.zoom) : 1.0
   };
 };
@@ -17961,6 +18044,17 @@ const App = () => {
   const [masterVolR, setMasterVolR] = useState(0); // dB - master R fader
   const [masterLink, setMasterLink] = useState(true); // LINK L/R
   const [masterMuted, setMasterMuted] = useState(false); // MUTE master
+  const [masterAutoVol, setMasterAutoVol] = useState([]); // Gap 7: master volume automation [{time s, db}]
+  const [masterAutoOn, setMasterAutoOn] = useState(false); // Gap 7: automation active
+  React.useEffect(() => {
+    window.__masterAutoVol = masterAutoVol;
+    window.__masterAutoOn = masterAutoOn;
+  }, [masterAutoVol, masterAutoOn]);
+  React.useEffect(() => {
+    if (isPlaying && typeof applyMasterAutomationSchedule === 'function') {
+      try { applyMasterAutomationSchedule(currentTimeRef.current || 0); } catch (e) { console.warn('[Auto] reschedule error:', e); }
+    }
+  }, [masterAutoVol, masterAutoOn, isPlaying]);
   const [masterVU, setMasterVU] = useState(0); // 0-1
   const [masterMeterPeak, setMasterMeterPeak] = useState(0);
   const [rightSidebarWidth, setRightSidebarWidth] = useState(320);
@@ -19156,6 +19250,8 @@ const App = () => {
         if (result.masterVolR !== undefined && result.masterVolR !== null) setMasterVolR(result.masterVolR);
         if (result.masterLink !== undefined && result.masterLink !== null) setMasterLink(result.masterLink);
         if (result.masterMuted !== undefined && result.masterMuted !== null) setMasterMuted(result.masterMuted);
+        if (result.masterAutoVol !== undefined) setMasterAutoVol(result.masterAutoVol);
+        if (result.masterAutoOn !== undefined) setMasterAutoOn(result.masterAutoOn);
       } else {
         restoredTracks = (parsed.tracks || []).map(function(t) {
           var rest = Object.assign({}, t); delete rest.height;
@@ -19229,6 +19325,8 @@ const App = () => {
         if (result.masterVolR !== undefined && result.masterVolR !== null) setMasterVolR(result.masterVolR);
         if (result.masterLink !== undefined && result.masterLink !== null) setMasterLink(result.masterLink);
         if (result.masterMuted !== undefined && result.masterMuted !== null) setMasterMuted(result.masterMuted);
+        if (result.masterAutoVol !== undefined) setMasterAutoVol(result.masterAutoVol);
+        if (result.masterAutoOn !== undefined) setMasterAutoOn(result.masterAutoOn);
               const tmpName = (proj.metadata && proj.metadata.title) || 'Dự án tạm';
               setProjectName(tmpName);
               localStorage.setItem('sonic_project_name', tmpName);
@@ -19338,6 +19436,8 @@ const App = () => {
         if (result.masterVolR !== undefined && result.masterVolR !== null) setMasterVolR(result.masterVolR);
         if (result.masterLink !== undefined && result.masterLink !== null) setMasterLink(result.masterLink);
         if (result.masterMuted !== undefined && result.masterMuted !== null) setMasterMuted(result.masterMuted);
+        if (result.masterAutoVol !== undefined) setMasterAutoVol(result.masterAutoVol);
+        if (result.masterAutoOn !== undefined) setMasterAutoOn(result.masterAutoOn);
       } else {
         restoredTracks = (proj.tracks || []).map(t => {
           const { height: _h, ...rest } = t;
@@ -19557,6 +19657,8 @@ const App = () => {
         if (result.masterVolR !== undefined && result.masterVolR !== null) setMasterVolR(result.masterVolR);
         if (result.masterLink !== undefined && result.masterLink !== null) setMasterLink(result.masterLink);
         if (result.masterMuted !== undefined && result.masterMuted !== null) setMasterMuted(result.masterMuted);
+        if (result.masterAutoVol !== undefined) setMasterAutoVol(result.masterAutoVol);
+        if (result.masterAutoOn !== undefined) setMasterAutoOn(result.masterAutoOn);
           const tmpName = (proj.metadata && proj.metadata.title) || 'Dự án tạm';
           setProjectName(tmpName);
           localStorage.setItem('sonic_project_name', tmpName);
@@ -22932,6 +23034,7 @@ const App = () => {
             } else {
               startTrackPlayback(pt);
             }
+            try { applyMasterAutomationSchedule(pt); } catch (e) {}
           }
         } else {
           pendingRescheduleRef.current = null;
@@ -24082,6 +24185,8 @@ const App = () => {
     // loop restart (rAF callback → React commit trễ hơn setTimeout 0) bị drop
     // → loop pass 2+ câm. Set NGAY tại scheduler.
     isPlayingRef.current = true;
+    // Gap 7: master volume automation — schedule envelope tu playhead.
+    try { applyMasterAutomationSchedule(offsetTime || 0); } catch (e) { console.warn('[Auto] schedule error:', e); }
     // ⚠️ FIX: đồng bộ mastering NGAY khi play — MIDI item phải qua mastering
     // FX (khi bật).
     try { if (window.__ensureMasteringRouting) window.__ensureMasteringRouting(); } catch (e) {}
@@ -24684,6 +24789,8 @@ const App = () => {
   const stopAllPlayback = (fade) => {
     try {
     isPlayingRef.current = false;
+    // Gap 7: xoa automation schedule — tra gain master ve 1.0 (fader rieng).
+    try { if (masterBus && masterBus.output && masterBus.output.gain) { const _actx = getAudioContext(); masterBus.output.gain.cancelScheduledValues(_actx.currentTime); masterBus.output.gain.setValueAtTime(1, _actx.currentTime); } } catch (e) { }
     // Realtime VST FX: dừng session + khôi phục output→analyser.
     try { fxRtStop(); } catch (e) { console.warn('[FX RT] stop error:', e); }
     // Realtime VST FX per-track: dừng mọi session track + restore chain trực tiếp.
@@ -27917,6 +28024,8 @@ const App = () => {
         if (result.masterVolR !== undefined && result.masterVolR !== null) setMasterVolR(result.masterVolR);
         if (result.masterLink !== undefined && result.masterLink !== null) setMasterLink(result.masterLink);
         if (result.masterMuted !== undefined && result.masterMuted !== null) setMasterMuted(result.masterMuted);
+        if (result.masterAutoVol !== undefined) setMasterAutoVol(result.masterAutoVol);
+        if (result.masterAutoOn !== undefined) setMasterAutoOn(result.masterAutoOn);
         } else {
           restored = (proj.tracks || []).map(t => ({
             ...t,
@@ -30531,6 +30640,8 @@ STRICT CONSTRAINTS:
         if (result.masterVolR !== undefined && result.masterVolR !== null) setMasterVolR(result.masterVolR);
         if (result.masterLink !== undefined && result.masterLink !== null) setMasterLink(result.masterLink);
         if (result.masterMuted !== undefined && result.masterMuted !== null) setMasterMuted(result.masterMuted);
+        if (result.masterAutoVol !== undefined) setMasterAutoVol(result.masterAutoVol);
+        if (result.masterAutoOn !== undefined) setMasterAutoOn(result.masterAutoOn);
           } else {
             restoredTracks = (parsed.tracks || []).map(function (t) {
               const rest = Object.assign({}, t); delete rest.height;
@@ -33371,6 +33482,10 @@ STRICT CONSTRAINTS:
       setMasterLink: setMasterLink,
       masterMuted: masterMuted,
       setMasterMuted: setMasterMuted,
+      masterAutoVol: masterAutoVol,
+      setMasterAutoVol: setMasterAutoVol,
+      masterAutoOn: masterAutoOn,
+      setMasterAutoOn: setMasterAutoOn,
       showMasteringModal: showMasteringModal,
       setShowMasteringModal: setShowMasteringModal,
       masteringSettings: masteringSettings,

app/templates/index.html

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
     <script src="/static/js/services/promptTemplateManager.js?v=202607281039"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/services/undoRedoEngine.js?v=202607290941"></script>
     <script src="/static/js/services/chordTheory.js?v=202608211300"></script>
-    <script src="/static/js/app.precompiled.js?v=202608212310" defer></script>
+    <script src="/static/js/app.precompiled.js?v=202608212325" defer></script>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/styles.css?v=202607271016">
     <style>
         :root {

tests/test_daw_phase5.py

@@ -806,3 +806,54 @@ def test_64_soundfont_render_via_bridge(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     engine.render_project(project, out)
     data, _ = _read_wav(out)
     assert float(np.max(np.abs(data))) > 0.01, "engine render soundfont im lặng — fallback oscillator?"
+
+# ── 5.11 Gap 7: master volume automation lane ─────────────────────────────
+def test_65_master_volume_automation(monkeypatch, tmp_path, fx_bridge):
+    """Gap 7: master.automation.volume_db [{time,db}] — envelope áp sau fader,
+    trước normalize: trước node 1s giữ nguyên, sau node 1s gain ~ -12dB (0.25)."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SF_FX_BRIDGE_PATH", fx_bridge)
+    if not os.path.isfile(DAW_BRIDGE):
+        pytest.skip("daw_vst_bridge.exe chưa build")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SF_BRIDGE_PATH", DAW_BRIDGE)
+    from app.api.v1 import plugins as pl
+    monkeypatch.setattr(pl.settings, "RENDER_ENGINE", "bridge")
+    from app.core.render_engine import PythonRenderEngine
+    engine = PythonRenderEngine()
+
+    def project(auto_nodes):
+        track = _midi_track()
+        track["items"][0]["source_data"]["notes"][0]["duration_beats"] = 4.0  # phủ cả 2s
+        track["volume_db"] = -12.0  # tránh normalize (>1.0)
+        p = {
+            "metadata": {"bpm": 120.0, "time_signature_numerator": 4},
+            "main_session": {
+                "length_bars": 1.0,
+                "tracks": [track],
+                "master": {"fx_chain": [], "bypass": False, "volume_db": 0.0},
+            },
+            "section_store": {},
+        }
+        if auto_nodes is not None:
+            p["main_session"]["master"]["automation"] = {"volume_db": auto_nodes}
+        return p
+
+    def rms(path, start_s, dur_s):
+        data, sr = _read_wav(path)
+        i0, i1 = int(start_s * sr), int((start_s + dur_s) * sr)
+        return float(np.sqrt(np.mean(data[:, i0:i1] ** 2)))
+
+    out_base = str(tmp_path / "auto_base.wav")
+    out_env = str(tmp_path / "auto_env.wav")
+    engine.render_project(project(None), out_base)
+    # Hai đoạn phẳng + chuyển nhanh 0dB→-12dB quanh t=1s (interp dB tuyến tính
+    # giữa node liền kề; đoạn phẳng không bị ảnh hưởng bởi ramp lân cận).
+    engine.render_project(project([
+        {"time": 0.0, "db": 0.0}, {"time": 0.9, "db": 0.0},
+        {"time": 1.0, "db": -12.0}, {"time": 2.0, "db": -12.0},
+    ]), out_env)
+    base0 = rms(out_base, 0.1, 0.6)
+    env0 = rms(out_env, 0.1, 0.6)
+    env1 = rms(out_env, 1.15, 0.6)
+    assert env0 == pytest.approx(base0, rel=0.05), f"đoạn 0dB phải giữ nguyên: {env0} vs {base0}"
+    ratio = env1 / max(env0, 1e-9)
+    assert 0.20 < ratio < 0.30, f"envelope -12dB → gain ~0.25: {ratio}"